碳化过程

Study on the Crystallization Process of Labeled GL-7-ACA Acylase CA130 Complex 7β-bromoacetyl amino cephalosporanic acid (BA-7-ACA), an analog of glutaryl-7-amino cephalosporanic acid (GL-7-ACA), can inhibit and specifically alkylate GL-7-ACA acylase (CA130) from Pseudomonas sp. 130, forming a carbon-carbon bond between BA-7-ACA and the C-2 on indole ring of Trp-β4 residue of CA130.Here we reported that BA-7-ACA labeled CA130 (BA-C130) could self-catalyze the hydrolysis of BA-7-ACA during crystallization process. The hydrolysis was confirmed to be a reaction analogous to the one of GL-7-ACA by comparative MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight) spectrometry analysis.

二、GL-7-AcA酰化酶CA130标记复合物的结晶过程研究溴乙酰氨基头孢烷酸（7β-bromoacetyl amino cephalosporanic acid，BA-7-ACA）作为戊二酰-7-氨基头孢烷酸（GL-7-ACA）的类似物，不仅能够抑制GL-7-ACA酰化酶CA130的活力，而且能通过在BA-7-ACA和CA130的β亚基第四位色氨酸吲哚环二位碳原子之间形成碳-碳共价键而将CA130特异的烷基化。

The experimental results show that the content of SiC in RBSC increases with carbon content while α-SiC is chosen as a filler. However, the residual carbon would appear in specimens when the carbon content exceeds 30% by weight. Using carbon felt, the reaction-formed SiC particles are small and uniform in size and distribution. However, when carbon felt is impregnated with phenol resin, the reaction-formed SiC is nonuniform in size and distribution. X-ray diffraction shows that the fabricated RBSC is composed of α-SiC,β-SiC, and free Si. The polytype of SiC is related to the reaction-heat during sintering.

结果表明：选用α-SiC+C粉的混合物作为生坯，SiC相的体积分数随生坯中wC的增加而增加，但过大的wC将使硅化后的试样出现残碳；选用碳毡作为生坯，反应烧结碳化硅的显微组织特点是C／Si反应生成的碳化硅颗粒均匀细小，并呈线状分布在游离硅中；浸渍过树脂的碳毡硅化处理后的显微组织特点是反应生成的碳化硅颗粒粗大且呈不均匀分布。X射线衍射结果也表明，反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷由游离Si、α-SiC、β-SiC组成，试样中不同晶型碳化硅的出现与C／Si反应的放热过程有关。

Novel sodium 2-2-(alkylaryloxy-alkylamidoethanesulfonates (m+nAr-T, m, n: carbon numbers; Ar: aromatic nucleus; T: taurine) with high purity were synthesized through bromization, esterification, Fries rearrangement, Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation, Williamson reaction, and acylation, et al, using carboxylic acid, phenol and taurine as starting materials. The structures and purities were characterized.

以羧酸、苯酚和牛磺酸为原料，通过溴代反应、酯化反应、Fries重排反应、催化氢化反应、Williamson反应以及催化酰胺化反应等过程，首次成功合成并表征了系列结构明确的高纯度N-酰基牛磺酸钠(m+nAr-T，m、n为烷基链碳数，Ar为芳环，T表示taurine)。

In this paper the study on optimizing the esterification of cellulose and some character of CAB(the degree of substitution of cellulose, solubility, the thermal properties and molecular weight) was discussed. The mechanism of the esterification of cellulose in butyric acid/ acetic acid/ butyric anhydride which comprises the creation of the acetic butyric anhydride, acetyl cation and butyryl cation was investigated by the study of the effect of the content of the organic acid and anhydride on the degree of acetyl and butyryl substitution of cellulose.

最后本文根据纤维素在丁酸/乙酸/丁酸酐中的酯化反应中有机酸以及酸酐的添加量对最后产物纤维素醋酸丁酸酯中乙酯或者丁酯取代度的影响，提出纤维素在丁酸/乙酸/丁酸酐中的酯化反应经历一个混和酸酐以及乙酰碳正离子、丁酰碳正离子的生成过程。

The main steps include as follows: CO2 is led into the mother liquor of sodium meta-aluminate to carry out carbon content decomposing; the primary separation between the aluminum and the gallium is realized by primary carbonatation to filter out sodium hydroxide; secondary carbonatation is carried out on the filtrate to obtain the deposit of the complex salt of gallium and aluminum; a sodium carbonate crystal is obtained after the filtered filtrate is condensed and vaporized; the deposit of the complex salt of gallium and aluminum is dissolved in the mother liquor of sodium meta-aluminate; the processes are repeated until the proportion of gallium and aluminum in the complex salt of gallium and aluminum is larger than 1/340; then the complex salt of gallium and aluminum is added into the NaOH liquor and electrolyzed, thus obtaining the metal gallium with a purity larger than 99.9 percent which reaches the level of 3; simultaneously, the byproducts of the aluminum hydroxide and the sodium carbonate during the process of carbonatation by steps are obtained.

主要步骤包括：向铝酸钠母液中通入CO 2 进行碳分分解，一次碳酸化实现铝镓的初次分离；过滤出氢氧化钠，滤液进行二次碳酸化获得镓铝复盐沉淀，过滤后滤液经浓缩蒸发获得碳酸钠晶体，铝镓复盐沉淀溶解在偏铝酸钠母液中，重复上述过程直至铝镓复盐中的镓铝比例大于1/340，将其加入到NaOH溶液中，电解可获得纯度＞99.9％的金属镓，达到3N级水平同时在分步碳酸化的过程中获得氢氧化铝和碳酸钠副产品。

According the research, by inducing TiC into conventional carbon/ graphite materials, their flexural strength increased 13.4%, compressive strength increased 38.1%, void ratio decreased 16.9% in respective. The reason of the performance improvement is as follows: TiC decomposed during the process and hence Ti accelerate the graphitize process, which can increase the mechanical performance of the carbon/ceramic composite materials.

从研究结果可以看出，TiC掺杂可使碳陶瓷复合材料的抗折强度提高13.4%，抗压强度提高38.1%，气孔率降低16.9%；其机理在於TiC掺杂在碳陶瓷复合材料制备过程中能促进碳陶瓷石墨化，使晶体更加完整、细化，有利於力学性能的提高。

Sulphonated carbon materials made from glucose were used as the solid acid and the support of Fe(superscript 2+) in the Fenton reaction, and the effects of the structure of carbon materials prepared by different methods on the Fe(superscript 2+) loading and the degradation efficiency of methyl orange were measured.

以葡萄糖为原料制备的磺化碳材料作为Fenton反应过程中固体酸及载体，研究了磺化碳材料结构对Fe(上标 2+)的负载能力及其对甲基橙降解反应的催化性能。

The characteristics of aerobic granules with different carbon sources,including sucrose and sodium acetate,were investigated.

采用气升式内循环间歇反应器对好氧污泥颗粒化过程进行了研究，考察了反应器分别以蔗糖和乙酸钠为进水碳源时好氧颗粒污泥的特性。

Industrial application of a commercial software of model predictive controlfor five groups of twenty-five carbonation columns in a soda plant was introduced in this paper.

纯碱生产装置中的碳化塔既是多相反应器又是多步结晶器，其中包含了吸收、反应、多相流、传热和传质等多种复杂的物理、化学过程。

Based on the durability characteristics of prestressed concrete structures,the durability limit states of carbonation and chloride ion attack are defined,respectively.Durability predicting models on the basis of reliability mathematics and stochastic processes are constructed,and the pure theoretical formulae of failure probability of prestressed concrete structures are analyzed.

根据预应力混凝土结构的耐久性特点，分别定义了结构构件在碳化环境和氯离子侵蚀环境下的耐久性极限状态，建立了以可靠性数学和随机过程为理论基础的数学模型，并对耐久性失效概率进行了理论分析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。