碳化的

Several results have been achieved as followings: 1. The response of stable carbon isotope in karst cave system to surface climate and environment This index can distinguish origin forest from other vegetation, but cannot distinguish transitional eco-environment such as bosk, grassplot and rocky desertification.

洞穴系统稳定碳同位素对地表气候环境的响应通过对4个不同生境洞穴系统的研究，认为洞穴系统稳定碳同位素可以很好地将原始森林植被同其它植被类型区分开；但是不能很好地区分植被退化的过渡类型如灌丛、草坡以及石漠化等。

All compounds are synthesized starting from the acylation reaction of gallic acid with L-glutamine to form the basic scaffold, followed by the cyclic reaction in acetic anhydride and the key intermediate cyclic anhydride (compound 4) was obtained. The intermediate compound is condensed with different amino acids or primary amines, and produces the target compounds.

本研究以L－谷氨酸为基本骨架，与甲醚化保护的没食子酸缩合后，经过酰化、环合反应得到关键中间体环状酸酐（化合物4），再经胺解反应合成目标化合物，其化学结构经过红外光谱、电喷雾质谱和核磁共振谱（氢谱、碳谱、碳氢异核多键相关谱）确证。

The process of producing low-carbon aluminium killed steel using new deoxidant in the steelmaking plant of Baotou Iron and Steel Co was introduced.

介绍了包钢炼钢厂小方坯连铸机开发生产新钢种以及转炉采用新型复合脱氧剂生产低碳铝镇静钢的工艺路线，采用新型工艺路线及脱氧剂脱氧合金化后，Al收得率平均提高1倍以上，钢中氧的质量分数控制在10×10-6~50×10-6，低碳铝镇静钢的炼成率达99%以上，铸坯质量合格

The C atom in ideal graphite crystals is hybridized in sp^2 orbital and forms covalent bonds with adjacent 3 other C atoms. The graphite crystals consist of stacks of parallel hexagonal net planar layers. These layers are integrated with Van der Waals attraction.

理想的石墨晶体是由碳原子以sp^2杂化轨道和邻近的三个碳原子形成共价键，构成六角平面的网状层片结构，层片之间以Van der Waals力相结合。

The reaction takes place as soon as 3a is dissolved in solution. With the presence of a tethering terminal vinyl group bound to the vinylidene ligand, the [2+2] cycloaddition of two C=C double bonds readily occurred.

当有一乙烯基键结在丙二烯基上，分子内的两个碳碳双键会马上发生[2+2]的环化加成反应。

It was found that the condensation could be completed within 24 hours at 60°C in a solution containing 10mg CAWs, 20mg 2-aminoethyl mercaptan, 10mL CH2Cl2, 1 mL triethyl amine and 0.2g DCC (N, N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide).

实验结果表明：10mg经浓硝酸氧化处理过的碳原子线在含有20mg巯基乙胺、10mL CH2Cl2、1mLN3、0.2g DCC的液相反应体系中，60℃温度下作用24h可完成缩合反应，生成巯基化碳原子线。

The studies of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the oxidation of carbon nanotubes in air demonstrate that the tubes have good graphitic degree.

碳纳米管的X射线光电子能谱研究以及热重研究结果表明：这些碳纳米管具有好的石墨化程度。

Comparison was synthesized from undecylenic acid and iso-propyl alcohol over HPWA-SBA-15. Comparison was made among different catalysts, and influence of composition and repeated use of the catalyst were investigated.

将该催化剂用於催化以十一碳烯与异丙醇为原料合成十一碳烯酸异丙酯，进行了不同催化剂化剂的对比实验以及催化剂组成和重复使用的考察。

On the other hand, the external ACMF increased the quantity and directionality of carbon particles, so the quantity and crystallization degree of MWCNTs in cathode depositions. When ACMF and catalyst were adopted at the same time, new cylinder-shaped structures were found in the cathode depositions.

对液体中电弧施加纵向恒定磁场，可以使向阴极表面运动的碳粒子数量增多、定向性增强，从而大大提高阴极沉积物中多壁碳纳米管的数量和晶化程度。

High content of olefin and butadiene in C 4 feedstock and the oxygen compound in the tail gas of MTBE unit are the main constraint factors of alkylation unit and the production cost of high octane gasoline was increased.

经过研究开发，确定了新的碳四加工联合工艺生产高辛烷值汽油的方案，该联合工艺由碳四选择性加氢，MTBE和烷基化装置三部分组成，并在MTBE装置中采用D0 0 5催化剂以及增设甲醇回收系统压力控制技术。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新