碳化物

It has been found that, the matrix hardnesses is reduced by about 30 % with the increase of parameter P, and there exists a hardness gradient in phase α from grain center to grain boundary, which is in correspondence with the concentration gradient of alloy elements.

多年来的研究业已发现珠光体耐热钢在高温下长期运行中会发生珠光体球化、碳化物聚集、合金元素在固溶体和碳化物之间重新分配等组织变化[1]。

Results indicate that TiC-VC particles can be produced by direct metallurgical reaction between ferrotitanium, ferrovanadium and graphite during the laser cladding process.

研究结果表明，通过钛铁、钒铁与石墨之间的反应，可以得到TiC-VC复合碳化物增强相，细小的TiC-VC复合碳化物颗粒弥散分布在Fe基体之中，合金熔覆层的耐磨性在一定范围内随增强颗粒的增加而提高。

Petrocarbons are in essence created, due to the flashes of lightning and intense heat due to passage over open volcanoes, and these petrocarbons rain down, afire, at times.

从本质上说，石油碳化物是由于闪电和x行星通过活动的火山形成的。这些石油碳化物着火，不时地像下雨般落下来。

The results show that the addition of certain manganese in high chromium cast iron leads to a re-partitioning of alloy elements between austenite and carbide and a dropping in equilibrium phase transformation temperature although it's inappreciable for the influence of manganese on mass fractions of every phase in this cast iron. There is about 87 percent ledeburite under thermodynamic equilibrium condition and 23 to 32 percent M7C3 type carbide under thermodynamic non-equilibrium condition in the microstructure of 3C-l5Cr-4Mn-0.75Si system high chromium cast iron. Furthermore, the improvement of austenite stability and hardenability of manganese alloyed high chromium cast iron may been expected because there is a substitution between manganese and chromium that has been suggested by thermodynamic calculations.

结果表明，锰虽然对高铬铸铁中的各相数量影响不大，但一定数量的锰存在促使合金元素在奥氏体和碳化物两相中的重新分配，并降低平衡相的转变温度；在平衡条件下3C-15Cr-4Mn-0.75Si系高铬铸铁中菜氏体数量约占87%，而非平衡条件下M7C3型碳化物数量在23%-32%之间，且奥氏体中锰铬互替现象保证了奥氏体的稳定性和加锰高铬铸铁的淬透性。

The results show that the addition of certain manganese in high chromium cast iron leads to a re-partitioning of alloy elements between austenite and carbide and a dropping in equilibrium phase transformation temperature although it＇s inappreciable for the influence of manganese on mass fractions of every phase in this cast iron. There is about 87 percent ledeburite under thermodynamic equilibrium condition and 23 to 32 percent M7C3 type carbide under thermodynamic non-equilibrium condition in the microstructure of 3C-15Cr-4Mn-0.75Si system high chromium cast iron. Furthermore, the improvement of austenite stability and hardenability of manganese alloyed high chromium cast iron may been expected because there is a substitution between manganese and chromium that has been suggested by thermodynamic calculations.

结果表明，锰虽然对高铬铸铁中的各相数量影响不大，但一定数量的锰存在促使合金元素在奥氏体和碳化物两相中的重新分配，并降低平衡相的转变温度；在平衡条件下3C-15Cr-4Mn-0.75Si系高铬铸铁中莱氏体数量约占87％，而非平衡条件下M7C2型碳化物数量在23％～32％之间，且奥氏体中锰铬互替现象保证了奥氏体的稳定性和加锰高铬铸铁的淬透性。

The results show that dendritic segregation, banded segregation, liquation carbide and secondary carbide precipitated at the grain boundary or martensite lath are the main reasons causing the low impact toughness of H13 mandrel steel.

研究结果表明：枝晶偏析、带状偏析、液析碳化物及存在于晶界或马氏体边界的二次碳化物，是导致芯棒冲击韧性降低的主要原因。

On the similarity of drain sludge inorganic numerator composition and clay pipe raw material in city solid waste,the production process course of drain sludge plunging into carbide furnace as clay pipe raw material is studied and developed.

介绍了陶瓷作为原材料用于制作管道、阀门的不可替代的优点；以城市固体废物中排水污泥无机分子组成与陶管原料相似为出发点，研究开发排水污泥投入到碳化炉成为污泥碳化物，即陶管原料的生产工艺过程；并对工艺中有关性能指标、保证碳化物生成的控制要点提出了明确的要求。

The new heat treatment process of isothermal spheroidize→preheat fully→quenching→tempering was tested.

由于Cr12钢铸态时存在鱼骨状共晶碳化物，这种状态随着钢锭凝固速度的减慢和锭型尺寸的增大而加剧，虽然在锻轧过程中共晶碳化物被破碎，但钢中还是存在碳化物分布不均匀或纤维方向性的现象，导致钢材的各向异性。

The experimental results denoted that the finer pearlite along the austenite boundaries in the as-cast Cr30Ni20NRE steel disappeared first under long-term and high-temperature service condition, and that an umber of Cr- richened carbides were formed due to unila-teral carburizing at long-term and high- temperature, consequently causing Ni to concentrate, bulging and calalyzing decomposition of the carburizing gas.

试验结果表明，长期在高温条件下服役，铸态Cr30Ni20NRE耐热钢中沿奥氏体晶界的珠光首先融入奥氏体，长期高温单边渗碳形成大量富铬碳化物，促使镍富集并起泡形成瘤状物，催化含碳气体的分解；表层瘤状物使辐射管表层疏松，表面积扩张，加快了碳向基体的渗入，提供了碳化物持续长大的条件，并引起沿碳化物周边开裂和奥氏体基体严重萎缩；合金元素的重新分布造成主合金元素铬和镍产生两极分化，镍和硅的富集促使石墨化，与侵入的氧形成内部氧化空洞和膨胀疏松，最终导致构件穿孔失效。

Through the research of the hereditary mechanism of needle-like carbide, it was found that the same structures were also found in the low chromium cast iron when there was needle-like carbide in the primary material. In particular, the hereditary effect of needle-like carbide in low chromium cast iron were most obvious when primary material was the complete chill pig iron or the returns.

通过对不同原材料中针状碳化物对低铬白口铸铁的遗传效应的研究，发现原材料中存在针状碳化物者，其获得的试样中也存在同样的组织，其中以全白口生铁和废机铁为主要原材料生产的低铬白口铸铁试样中针状碳化物遗传现象最为明显。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。