碳化作用

The wall of the burning chamber was pitted at the beginning then gradually burnt through.By means of the Bunsen burner,tubular furnace and XRD,SEM,EDS,this special type of high-temperabure destruction was studied.It was found that the phenomenon is resulted from the combined action of CO and lower hydrocarbon on Ni-Cr alloy.Firstly,Ni-Cr alloy is carbonized and selectively oxidized by CO to produce Cr2C,Cr3C2 and Ni-Cr2O3,while the capillary cracks in the surface layer are formed simultaneously.

作者利用几种现代手段和试验方法，对这一燃烧破坏现象进行了系统地模拟研究，发现这是CO和低分子烃在高温下对合金共同作用的结果：第一步CO作用使合金表层发生氧化和碳化，造成裂隙；第二步低分子烃扩散进裂隙并在Ni-Cr2O3微粒的催化下，裂解生在石墨炭并包复在Ni-Cr2O3微粒周围，体积增大。

Under the proper addition of the fibers, remarkable increase on performance of carbonation resistance is achieved.

在适当的掺量条件下，对抗碳化性能有很大的提高作用。

The bridge structure suffered the moisture, frog and load attack successively in natural state, this results in concrete carbonization, reinforcing steel bar erosion, the surfer desquamate, the cross section dimension decrease, so the mechanics performance worsen, the bridge bearing capacity decreases.

在自然条件下，桥梁结构由于受到大气、水雾及外载的不断作用，引起混凝土碳化、钢筋脱钝锈蚀、构件表面剥落、截面尺寸减小，从而使混凝土结构或构件的力学性能恶化，使用性能降低，桥梁承载能力减小，严重的甚至引起人民生命财产的重大损失。

Retention of cations such as quats on Hypercarb is dueto the interaction with the electron cloud on the graphite; also,these are flat molecules which can align themselves closely to thesurface

而百草枯和敌草快在 Hypercarb 上保留依赖的是电子云和石墨化碳的作用，同时，这个平面分子和以很近的吸附在石墨化碳的表面

In order to validate the effect of concrete carbonization accelerated by wind ,three groups of concrete beam carbonization experiment with different sections respectively (rectangle,Ttype and Ⅱ type ) were analysed. Based on the theoretical analyses and experimental results, it is concluded that the wind swirl and the fosse moat effect can also accelerate the concrete carbonization.

为了验证风对混凝土碳化的加速作用，本文分析了三种截面混凝土梁的碳化试验，依据理论分析和试验结果，得出风的旋涡和壕沟效应可以加速混凝土的碳化，完善了风加速混凝土碳化的理论。

In paper effect of oxygen and carbon action on minority carrier lifetime in thermal process of mc-Si cell and properties of Si_3N_4 film and effects of antirefle-ction and passivation were studied.

为此本文重点研究了多晶硅片在电池制造热工艺中氧碳的行为及其对少子寿命的影响；并研究了氮化硅薄膜的性能及对多晶硅电池的减反射及钝化作用。

Moreover, we are concerned with hydrogen content in films and discuss its effect on photoelectricity of films.

进一步结合衬底预碳化以及对衬底的偏压作用，得到了高质量的纳米β-SiC薄膜。

It is shown that carbon can enter the lattice of zirconia under certain conditions and stabilize the high-temperature polymorph of zirconia.

结果表明，在一定条件下碳可以进入到ZrO2晶格中，对ZrO2的高温相产生稳定化作用。

Producted RF and CRF aerogels by process of sol-gel technics, dynamic-exchange, CO2 supercritical drying, and procedural increase in temperature carbonization methods, which have eximious capability and nanometer network structure; Systemic analysis various factors which effect gel course, such as ratio of reactants and the dosage of catalyst, and probed into the better experiments conditions(the concentration of resorcinol and formaldehyde is more than 2% and the value of R/C is between 50 and 300); During gel course , primary investigated the viscosity curve and particle size distribution of sol-solution, and analyzed the reason of catalyst dosage effects particle size of gel, and confirmed that the up-growth of gel follows the theory of " polymerize increase ".The experiment results indicated that ultrasonic with unvarying temperature disposal shortened gel time and optimized quality of gels, and the factors of ultrasonic effect gel reaction velocity were analyzed; Prepared organic aerogels using compounds of resorcin and hydroquinone substitute resorcinol reacts with formaldehyde the first time, and also optimized the proportion of resorcinol and hydroquinone (the proportion of hydroquinone in 10%～40%).

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺结合动态溶剂交换、CO2超临界流体干燥与程序升温碳化方法制备出性能优良、具有纳米网络结构的RF与CRF气凝胶；深入研究了反应物配比催化剂用量等条件对凝胶过程的影响，得到了较佳的RF凝胶制备条件(RF浓度应大于2%，R/C值取50～300)；初步研究了凝胶过程中的粘度、粒径变化情况，分析了催化剂用量影响凝胶中粒子尺度的原因，在实验上印证了凝胶生长遵循"聚增长"的理论；通过引入超声波改进了RF气凝胶的制备工艺，缩短了凝胶反应时间，提高了凝胶品质，并探讨了超声波促进RF凝胶反应作用的原因；首次用对苯二酚与间苯二酚复配制备了混合有机气凝胶，优化出复配比(对苯二酚含量为10%～40%)。2。

The microstructures of the new developed carbon aerogels was investigated by means of low-temperature N_2 adsorption, TEM, XRD, XPS and etc. We studied the influence of synthesis conditions on the aerogels structure, such as reactant mass percent, catalyst concentration, carbonization process and supersonic.

采用低温N_2吸附、TEM、XRD和XPS等手段研究了碳气凝胶的微观结构特点，考察了反应物质量分数、催化剂浓度、碳化过程对气凝胶孔结构的影响，同时还研究了超声作用对气凝胶微观结构的影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。