碳化

The direct incorporation of U-13C glucose was estimated by the intensity increase of m/z to F(F was parent fragment, and n was the carbon number in the fragment), while the total isotope incorporation from the added 13C could be calculated according to the abundance ratio increment summation from m/z (Fa+1) through (Fa was the fragment containing all original skeleton carbons, and T was the carbon number in the amino acid molecule). The 13C enrichment in the target compound was expressed as atom percentage excess, and that of D-amino acid needed to be corrected by the coefficient of hydrolysis-induced racemization. The 13C enrichment reflected the carbon turnover velocity of individual amino acid enantiomers, and was powerful to investigate the dynamics of soil amino acids.

外加葡萄糖直接合成氨基酸的比例可利用质谱碎片的相对强度变化来评价（n为质谱碎片F中含有的碳原子数目）；而源于葡萄糖的13C同位素在氨基酸分子中的富集程度是所有同位素峰相对强度变化的总和。13C在目标化合物中的富集比例用原子百分超评价，D氨－基酸的APE还需进一步利用水解诱导的外消旋化系数校正。13C在目标化合物中的富集程度可反映各氨基酸手性异构体的碳循环速率大小，是研究土壤氨基酸动态变化的有力工具。

In this paper, acetanilide used as start material was chlorosulfonated, then reacted with alkylamines with different length of carbon chain to prepare 4 p-acetylaminophenylsulfonylalkylamine.

本文以乙酰苯胺为起始原料，经氯磺化后分别和不同碳链的正烷基胺反应制得4种不同碳链长度的对乙酰氨基苯磺酰烷基胺，将其水解后制得了对氨基苯磺酰正丁胺、对氨基苯磺酰正辛胺、对氨基苯磺酰正十二胺和对氨基苯磺酰正十八胺。

Several results have been achieved as followings: 1. The response of stable carbon isotope in karst cave system to surface climate and environment This index can distinguish origin forest from other vegetation, but cannot distinguish transitional eco-environment such as bosk, grassplot and rocky desertification.

洞穴系统稳定碳同位素对地表气候环境的响应通过对4个不同生境洞穴系统的研究，认为洞穴系统稳定碳同位素可以很好地将原始森林植被同其它植被类型区分开；但是不能很好地区分植被退化的过渡类型如灌丛、草坡以及石漠化等。

In this thesis, multi-wall carbon nanotubeswas worked as a modified agent. The working electrode was a glassy carbon electrode or graphite electrode. A saturated calomel electrode and a platinum electrode were used as the reference and the auxiliary electrode respectively. Some pharmaceutics'electro-chemical behavior has been studied with great details. The main researches were summarized as follows: The acid-treated CNT was successfully dispersed into the DMF by using ultrasound technology.

本论文以多壁碳纳米管为修饰剂，以玻碳电极和石墨电极为工作电极，铂丝电极为对电极，饱和甘汞电极为参比电极，研究了几种药物的电化学行为及其检测方法，取得了以下研究结果：以N，N-二甲基甲酰胺为分散介质，将酸化后的MWNT超声分散于DMF中，获得分散液。

Novel sodium 2-2-(alkylaryloxy-alkylamidoethanesulfonates (m+nAr-T, m, n: carbon numbers; Ar: aromatic nucleus; T: taurine) with high purity were synthesized through bromization, esterification, Fries rearrangement, Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation, Williamson reaction, and acylation, et al, using carboxylic acid, phenol and taurine as starting materials. The structures and purities were characterized.

以羧酸、苯酚和牛磺酸为原料，通过溴代反应、酯化反应、Fries重排反应、催化氢化反应、Williamson反应以及催化酰胺化反应等过程，首次成功合成并表征了系列结构明确的高纯度N-酰基牛磺酸钠(m+nAr-T，m、n为烷基链碳数，Ar为芳环，T表示taurine)。

The main steps include as follows: CO2 is led into the mother liquor of sodium meta-aluminate to carry out carbon content decomposing; the primary separation between the aluminum and the gallium is realized by primary carbonatation to filter out sodium hydroxide; secondary carbonatation is carried out on the filtrate to obtain the deposit of the complex salt of gallium and aluminum; a sodium carbonate crystal is obtained after the filtered filtrate is condensed and vaporized; the deposit of the complex salt of gallium and aluminum is dissolved in the mother liquor of sodium meta-aluminate; the processes are repeated until the proportion of gallium and aluminum in the complex salt of gallium and aluminum is larger than 1/340; then the complex salt of gallium and aluminum is added into the NaOH liquor and electrolyzed, thus obtaining the metal gallium with a purity larger than 99.9 percent which reaches the level of 3; simultaneously, the byproducts of the aluminum hydroxide and the sodium carbonate during the process of carbonatation by steps are obtained.

主要步骤包括：向铝酸钠母液中通入CO 2 进行碳分分解，一次碳酸化实现铝镓的初次分离；过滤出氢氧化钠，滤液进行二次碳酸化获得镓铝复盐沉淀，过滤后滤液经浓缩蒸发获得碳酸钠晶体，铝镓复盐沉淀溶解在偏铝酸钠母液中，重复上述过程直至铝镓复盐中的镓铝比例大于1/340，将其加入到NaOH溶液中，电解可获得纯度＞99.9％的金属镓，达到3N级水平同时在分步碳酸化的过程中获得氢氧化铝和碳酸钠副产品。

It indicates that sp3 bonds have been formed between adjacent fullerene molecus via [2+2] cycloaddition reaction, leading to the inequivalent sp2 carbons on C60 cage. The former line has been broadened and has several components due to this inequivalent sp2 carbons.

这表明通过[2+2]加环反应在邻近C60分子之间形成了sp3杂化共价键，使得C60分子球笼上出现了五个位置不等价的sp2杂化碳原子，导致位于145ppm附近的sp2杂化峰展宽。

According to the microalloying and strengthening and toughening principles of steel,a theoretical calculation method and optimum alloying design to determine titanium content in carbonizing steel were proposed.

根据钢铁材料的微合金化原理和强韧化原理，对广泛使用的含钛渗碳钢的钛含量进行了理论计算分析和优化设计，结果表明，适当降低钛含量，不影响其在渗碳过程中阻止奥氏体晶粒长大的作用，但可有效地减少或消除含钛渗碳钢中的液析氮化钛，从而提高钢材的力学性能。

We are the spirit of "excellent quality, integrity of reciprocity" principle, we know the quality and technology on Product modeling and the importance of constant innovation and focus on high-quality requirements, the introduction of high-quality China-made high-quality steel and steel products "in Guangzhou Industrial Research Institute of Electrical and Mechanical Heat Treatment Technology Research Center "co-operation to provide customers with high-quality steel heat treatment and testing services, including high-quality vacuum hardening, nitriding, carbonitriding, boron nitrogen permeation, soft nitriding, annealing, quenching and tempering,, the high-frequency surface hardening, surface hardening VHF, chemical surface heat treatment, vapor deposition, such as titanium nitride.

我们本著&卓越品质，诚信互惠&的原则，我们深知质量及技术对制模及产品之重要性，不断创新服务及注重高品质要求，推出国产名优钢厂之优质钢材及与&广州市机电工业研究所热处理技术研究中心&合作为客户提供高品质热处理及钢材化验服务，含高质素真空淬火、氮化、碳氮共渗、硼氮共渗、软氮化、退火、调质、中、高频表面淬火、超音频表面淬火、化学表面热处理，气相沈积氮化钛等。

The lipid may divide into the animal fat and the vegetable oil according to its origin, and the saponification value affected by the carbon chain length of fatty acids. The types of lipid determine the properties of saponification products. Besides, it takes different time to accomplish the reactions of saponification by the different lipid.

油脂依其来源可分为动物性油脂与植物性油脂，油脂皂化价受油脂脂肪酸碳链长度影响，因此油脂种类决定皂化产物之特性与质感，不同的油脂达成皂化反应所需时间也各有差异。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。