碳化

According the research, by inducing TiC into conventional carbon/ graphite materials, their flexural strength increased 13.4%, compressive strength increased 38.1%, void ratio decreased 16.9% in respective. The reason of the performance improvement is as follows: TiC decomposed during the process and hence Ti accelerate the graphitize process, which can increase the mechanical performance of the carbon/ceramic composite materials.

从研究结果可以看出，TiC掺杂可使碳陶瓷复合材料的抗折强度提高13.4%，抗压强度提高38.1%，气孔率降低16.9%；其机理在於TiC掺杂在碳陶瓷复合材料制备过程中能促进碳陶瓷石墨化，使晶体更加完整、细化，有利於力学性能的提高。

Chiral centers of C5 and C8 are directly constructed in the key step of the diastereoselective propargylation from D--tartrate. The methylation and subsequent methoxycarbonylation result in desymmetrization of the terminal dialkynes. The α,β-unsaturated δ-lactone is synthesized after partial hydrogenation and lactonization.

由非天然酒石酸出发，利用双向非对映选择性的炔丙基化反应，在一步反应中同时构建C5和C8手性中心；然后通过末端炔基的甲基化、甲酯基化，延长碳链并对分子去对称化；内酯化得到关键中间体α，β-不饱和六元内酯，再经多步反应转化得到8-epi--Boronolide。

The benzene carbon black, resin pyrotic carbon and graphitized carbons were employed to find the relationships between the carbon structure and the differential capacity, reversible capacity and diffusion rate of lithium intercalation.

我们选用苯碳黑、树脂裂解碳和催化石墨化碳等在结构上有明显差别的碳素材料做研究对象，系统研究了碳材料结构特征与锂在其中的可逆插入微分容量、可逆插入容量、可逆循环性和扩散速率的关系。

Through a series of quenching, tempering, tensile testing, low-temperature impact test and metallographic analysis, we ultimately came to the following conclusions:(1) low-carbon alloyed steel 20CrMn2NiMoV quenching at 870℃ and tempering at 200℃, whose structure contains tempered dislocation lath martensite and few small bainite under mixed, has the best obdurability;(2) Carbon Steel 45CrMn2NiMoV quenching at 850℃ and tempering at 620℃, whose structure is sorbitic, has a performance less than that of low-carbon Alloyed steel, but it can also meet the basic design requirements.(3) Mn can substitute for the role of Ni within limited extent.

通过一系列淬火、回火、拉伸试验、低温冲击试验以及金相分析，最终得出以下主要结论：（1）低碳合金钢20CrMn2NiMoV经870℃淬火+200℃回火，得到回火位错型板条马氏体+少量细小下贝氏体的混合组织，具有最佳的强韧性配合；（2）中碳合金钢45CrMn2NiMoV经850℃淬火+620℃回火，得到回火索氏体组织，综合性能虽然不及低碳合金钢，但也能基本满足设计要求；（3）Mn在一定程度上能够替代Ni的作用，适量的Mn和Ni相互配合可以得到最佳的低温韧性，因此&以Mn代Ni&是低温钢材料研究开发中一条可行的适合我国资源状况的合金化思路。

The present dissertation deals with:(1) Exploring the feasibility of the CO〓 methanation and the conversion CH〓/H〓 into C〓 hydrocarbons under plasma with catalyst at ambient temperature and atmosphere.(2) Designing a reactor and preparing some catalysts suited for the conversion of carbon dioxide via the cooperation effect of plasma and catalysts.(3) Optimizing reaction conditions of conversion carbon dioxide to C〓 hydrocarbons in the proposed process.(4) Studying the reaction mechanism of conversion carbon dioxide to C〓 hydrocarbons under plasma by using in situ OES technology.(5) By the results of characterizing coked catalysts, exploring the reasons that result in the coking of catalyst and the paths for decreasing the deposit in the catalyst under plasma.(6) Analyzing the energy efficiency of the plasma catalysis and exploring the paths for improving the energy efficiency.

论文的主要研究工作包括：（1）探索脉冲电晕等离子体与催化剂共同作用CO〓／H〓甲烷化和由CH〓/H〓合成C〓烃反应的可行性；（2）研制等离子体催化CO〓转化的反应器和适配的催化剂；（3）优化等离子体催化CO〓转化制C〓烃反应的工艺条件和电参数；（4）利用原子发射光谱原位技术对等离子体反应的诊断结果，对等离子体催化CO〓转化制C〓烃反应的机理进行推断；（5）通过对积碳催化剂的表征结果，分析积碳的类型及其成因，并探讨减少积碳的途径；（6）通过对等离子体催化CO〓转化制C〓烃反应能量效率的分析，探讨提高等离子体催化反应能量效率的途径。

The experimental results denoted that the finer pearlite along the austenite boundaries in the as-cast Cr30Ni20NRE steel disappeared first under long-term and high-temperature service condition, and that an umber of Cr- richened carbides were formed due to unila-teral carburizing at long-term and high- temperature, consequently causing Ni to concentrate, bulging and calalyzing decomposition of the carburizing gas.

试验结果表明，长期在高温条件下服役，铸态Cr30Ni20NRE耐热钢中沿奥氏体晶界的珠光首先融入奥氏体，长期高温单边渗碳形成大量富铬碳化物，促使镍富集并起泡形成瘤状物，催化含碳气体的分解；表层瘤状物使辐射管表层疏松，表面积扩张，加快了碳向基体的渗入，提供了碳化物持续长大的条件，并引起沿碳化物周边开裂和奥氏体基体严重萎缩；合金元素的重新分布造成主合金元素铬和镍产生两极分化，镍和硅的富集促使石墨化，与侵入的氧形成内部氧化空洞和膨胀疏松，最终导致构件穿孔失效。

A process for continuously preparing nm carbon tubes on fluidized bed include such steps as carrying the transition metal oxide catalyst on carrier, putting it in catalyst-activating reactor, reduction reaction by introducing the gas mixture of nitrogen gas and hydrogen or CO gas to the reactor, loading the catalyst into fluidized bed, and introducing mixed reaction gas to its to grow said nm carbon tubes on the catalyst by chemical gas-phase deposition.

本发明涉及一种流化床连续化制备碳纳米管的方法，首先将过渡金属的氧化物催化剂载于担体上，然后将其放在催化剂活化反应器内，通入流动的氢气或一氧化碳与氮气的混合气体进行还原反应，最后将催化剂送至流化床中，通入反应混合气体，流化床的下部则得到碳纳米管。本发明的方法和装置，在流化床中经过化学气相沉积，在催化剂载体上生长出碳纳米管。

In this thesis, the localization length, quantum size effect, quantum interference phenomenon in nanotubes have been theoretically studied.

本论文从理论上研究了碳管中的局域化长度、量子尺寸效应、量子干涉现象，并讨论了磁场对碳管电子结构的影响，超导/碳管/超导结中的邻近效应。

Alkylbenzene, normal alkanes and alkylcyclohexane on the pyrolysates of P. Boryanum at 300℃ had uniform distribution and the relative content of them was similar, indicating that they originated from same precursors. Fatty acids, alcohol and ketone in algal cell are the possible precursors. For example, the precursor of relatively abundant C〓 alkylbenzene and alkylbenzene with C〓 side chain perhaps related with palmitic acid. N-alkylnaphthalene in pyrolysates at 300℃ probably derived from alkylation of cleavage products of aromatic steranes and terpanes.

在盘星藻300℃热解产物中，烷基苯、正烷烃和烷基环己烷碳数分布一致、各化合物的相对含量接近，表明它们有相同的来源，藻类体内的脂肪酸、醇和酮及细胞壁等物质可能是其母质，相对含量较高的碳数为16及侧链碳数为16的烷基苯类化合物，其前身物可能与软脂酸有关。300℃热解产物中的正烷基萘类化合物，可能由芳香甾、萜类的降解产物与直链烃类加成烷基化而形成。

Carbon nanotubes are coated with Ni by a series of processes of optimization (oxidations, sensitization and activation) used to add activated sites on the surface of CNTs before electroless plating.

通过对镀Ni前碳纳米管的氧化、敏化和活化处理，在碳纳米管表面增加活化点，成功地在破纳米管表面镀上一层金属Ni，并用TEM对镀Ni前后的碳纳米管进行了表征。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。