碳化

The results showed that the initial temperature of methanation is different for the carbonaceous phases with different stability.

研究结果表明，不同稳定性的碳相在氢气氛下的起始甲烷化温度是不一样的，构成碳纳米管主体的六元环的碳，较之类似活性碳的杂形碳以及主要由五元环和七元环构成的碳纳米小颗粒，在氢气氛下是较为稳定的。

Based on the result, the coalification mechanism of

尤其是芳碳率、质子化碳、芳氢率、桥头碳、氧接芳碳、侧支芳碳和脂碳率及芳甲基、脂甲基等，随碳元素的含量、O／C值变化的演化

The experimental results show that the content of SiC in RBSC increases with carbon content while α-SiC is chosen as a filler. However, the residual carbon would appear in specimens when the carbon content exceeds 30% by weight. Using carbon felt, the reaction-formed SiC particles are small and uniform in size and distribution. However, when carbon felt is impregnated with phenol resin, the reaction-formed SiC is nonuniform in size and distribution. X-ray diffraction shows that the fabricated RBSC is composed of α-SiC,β-SiC, and free Si. The polytype of SiC is related to the reaction-heat during sintering.

结果表明：选用α-SiC+C粉的混合物作为生坯，SiC相的体积分数随生坯中wC的增加而增加，但过大的wC将使硅化后的试样出现残碳；选用碳毡作为生坯，反应烧结碳化硅的显微组织特点是C／Si反应生成的碳化硅颗粒均匀细小，并呈线状分布在游离硅中；浸渍过树脂的碳毡硅化处理后的显微组织特点是反应生成的碳化硅颗粒粗大且呈不均匀分布。X射线衍射结果也表明，反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷由游离Si、α-SiC、β-SiC组成，试样中不同晶型碳化硅的出现与C／Si反应的放热过程有关。

The characterization of structure of modified MWNTs was carried out by means of fourier-transform infrared spectra,thermal gravimetric analyses and transmission electron microscopy.Photographs of dispers...

并考察了修饰前弱亲油性的纯碳纳米管、酸化后亲水性的碳纳米管和修饰后两亲性碳纳米管这3种碳纳米管在水和氯仿形成的两相体系中的分散情况，观察到所制备的两亲性碳纳米管能够均匀分散在油水两相界面上。

By means of molecular designing, a series of sodium branched-alkyl benzene sulfonates weresynthesized through seven process, involving Frieded-Crafts reaction, Grignard reaction, sulfonationand neutralization. Those isomers have similar structure, carbons of same quantity, but the position ofalkylaryl dissimilarity. Liner fat acid, metaxylene and halogenated hydrocarbon of different carbonnumber were used as the starting materials. Optimum processing condition was confirmed consideringinfluence of a series of reaction factors such as feed proportioning, quantity of catalysts, quantitysolvent, reaction time, temperature and pressure. Eight kinds of isomers of sodium hexadecylxylolsulfonates were finally synthesized, and characterized by FT-IR.

本文通过分子设计，以不同碳数直链脂肪酸、间二甲苯以及不同碳数的卤代烷为原料，经酰基化、格氏反应、加氢还原、磺化及中和等反应，合成了结构相似、烷烃链碳数一定、芳基在烷烃链不同位置的烷基芳基磺酸盐同分异构体；并考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、溶剂用量、反应压力等一系列因素对各反应的影响，进而确定最佳工艺条件，最终合成出十六烷基二甲苯磺酸钠的八种同分异构体，利用 FT-IR 对产物结构进行了分析。

The contents of total organic carbon and humic acid carbon in the soil from stone pit were markedly higher than that of the soils from rocky ditch, swallet or stone cavern.

结果表明：喀斯特石漠化区阔叶林土壤有机总碳含量和腐殖酸碳含量明显高于灌木林、灌草丛和稀疏草丛，而土壤水溶性有机碳含量的变化则相反；喀斯特森林退化后，土壤有机碳的累积量减少、流失量增加；喀斯特小生境土壤有机总碳和腐殖酸碳含量存在明显的水平空间变异：石坑＞石沟＞石缝＞石洞。

Two series of polyurethane acrylate grafted acrylic resins (Acr-g-TPU-PETA and Acr-gPPU-PETA) self-emulsifying systems are obtained by grafting -NCO group modified polyurethane acrylates with acrylic copolymer prepared from n-butyl acrylate, styrene,βhydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid The self-emulsifying systems showed Newtonian fluidity with viscosity closed to that of water, the solid contents were around 30% The T〓 of 15～4℃ for dried film before photocuring favored film formation at room temperature DSC and DMA results showed that PU-PETA is compatible with acrylic resin in the grafted resin The TG and dTG curves for Acr-g-PU-PETA samples were substantially different from the corresponding blends, and the brodened dTG peaks for photocured grafted resin suggest that there might be multiple interactions among chain segments The photocued film of the grafted resins self-emulsifying system exhibited good overall properties with polyurethane acrylate grafts ranging from 30% to 50%, and Acr-g-TPU-PETA series showed better properties than Acr-gPPU-PETA series The adhesion of the photocured film was 1～2 grade, impact strength was 50kg-cm and flexibility was 1mm The Shore hardness and the adhesion of the film decreased markedly if PETA was replaced by HEMA as photoactive group due to the lower C=C double bond content in the grafted resin The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthones photoinitiators can be evenly dispersed in self-emulsifying system without color spot appearing in the dried film The films photocured with IV〓～IV〓 generally exhibited higher Shore hardness, gloss and solventresistance than that cured with Irgacure 2959 and did not induce the rusting of the iron substrate Pigmenting with titanium oxide had no effect on the photocuring The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthone IV〓 and IV〓 can be new candidates for the formulation of titanium oxide pigmented photocurable water-borne coatings for their pale-yellow appearance and slight interference with the color of the coatings WB 4759 with high water-solubility coalesced and separated from the dried resin film, and even induced the rusting of iron substrate.

以丙烯酸丁酯，甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯，丙烯酸及苯乙烯合成厂丙烯酸共聚树脂，并与含-NCO端基的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯接枝反应，经水性化后，得到两个系列（Acr-g-TPU-PETA和Acr-g-PPU-PETA）各5个不同配比的丙烯酸树脂接枝聚氨酯丙烯酸酯自乳化体系，粘度与水相近，为牛顿流体，固含量30％左右。光固化前干燥涂膜的玻璃化转变温度在-15℃～4℃之间，有利于室温下成膜。DSC及DMA谱表明两种树脂基本相容。Acr-g-PU-PETA的热失重行为明显不同于共混材料，接枝样dTG峰明显宽化，表明接枝样中链段之间的相互作刚有多重性，丙烯酸树脂与聚氨酯之间有一定的相容性。接枝树脂自乳化体系光固化涂层的综合性能以聚氨酯丙烯酸酯成分为50％～30％者相对较好，且以Acr-g-TPU-PETA系列更理想。光固化膜的附着力为1～2级，冲击强度为50kg·cm，柔软性多为1mm。以HEMA代替PETA作为接枝树脂的活性基团，碳—碳双键密度太低，光固化膜交联点太少，硬度和附着力均较差。多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂能均匀分散于树脂自乳化体系和接枝树脂干膜中，不出现色斑，光固化膜肖氏硬度一般高于以Irgacure 2959为光引发剂的光固化膜，光泽度及耐丁酮溶剂性能均有所提高，不会诱导铁基生锈，钛白着色对光固化结果几乎没有影响。本论文所合成的多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂IV〓与IV〓为浅黄色，对光固化涂层的颜色干扰较小，为配制钛白着色光固化水性涂料提供了新的光引发剂。水溶性太强的WB 4759在干膜中易聚结析出，且对所附着的铁基有诱导锈蚀作用。

Based on the electron-lattice interaction,Frohlich Hamiltonian and quantization theory are used to deduce the dimerized energy gap and phase transition temperature of carbon nanotube.

依据碳纳米管中电子-声子相互作用的原理，采用哈密顿量、量子化理论推导了二聚化对应能隙和相变温度，在紧束缚近似、量子理论和能带理论的基础上，利用周期性边界条件对碳纳米管Π电子进行了分析，讨论了碳纳米管的导电性，预测了室温下碳纳米管碳管中载流子输运方向

The possibility to obtain the titanium nitride from this process was asserted by thermodynamical analysis and by the means of X-ray diffraction and SEM.

首先，对钛白粉、活性碳用碳热还原反应合成氮化钛进行了热力学分析，证明了碳热还原反应合成氮化钛的可行性。

The thesis are divided into two parts. In the first part, we used 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine as the precursor to react with sodium which have been achieved by decomposing sodium hydrate at 623 K. At a low reaction temperature of 623 K, carbon nitride nanosphere、porous carbon nitride material and byproduct sodium chloride, would be produced.

本研究将分成两部份，第一部分是在低温下(623 K)将氢化钠粉末热裂解，生成表面积较大的熔融态金属钠，使气态的氰尿醯氯通入与熔融态金属钠在623 K反应，生成奈米氮化碳球、奈米孔洞性氮化碳材料及副产物氯化钠。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。