碳化

Study on the Crystallization Process of Labeled GL-7-ACA Acylase CA130 Complex 7β-bromoacetyl amino cephalosporanic acid (BA-7-ACA), an analog of glutaryl-7-amino cephalosporanic acid (GL-7-ACA), can inhibit and specifically alkylate GL-7-ACA acylase (CA130) from Pseudomonas sp. 130, forming a carbon-carbon bond between BA-7-ACA and the C-2 on indole ring of Trp-β4 residue of CA130.Here we reported that BA-7-ACA labeled CA130 (BA-C130) could self-catalyze the hydrolysis of BA-7-ACA during crystallization process. The hydrolysis was confirmed to be a reaction analogous to the one of GL-7-ACA by comparative MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight) spectrometry analysis.

二、GL-7-AcA酰化酶CA130标记复合物的结晶过程研究溴乙酰氨基头孢烷酸（7β-bromoacetyl amino cephalosporanic acid，BA-7-ACA）作为戊二酰-7-氨基头孢烷酸（GL-7-ACA）的类似物，不仅能够抑制GL-7-ACA酰化酶CA130的活力，而且能通过在BA-7-ACA和CA130的β亚基第四位色氨酸吲哚环二位碳原子之间形成碳-碳共价键而将CA130特异的烷基化。

Straw application, whether straw mulch or incorporated straw with soil, increased the content of soil labile organic carbon and incorporated straw with soil as more beneficial to the increase of the contents of hot water-extractable carbon, potentially mineralizable carbon acid-extractable carbon, readily oxidizable carbon, particulate organic carbon, and light fraction organic carbon.

表施秸秆和混施秸秆均能使土壤活性有机碳含量增加或显著增加，混施秸秆较表施秸秆更有利于热水提取态碳、可矿化碳、酸提取态碳、易氧化态碳、颗粒有机碳和轻组有机碳含量增加，而可溶性有机碳和微生物生物量碳的变化与秸秆施用方式关系不大。

Compared to prior art, the method effectively resolves disadvantage that polymer, which is generated by tetracarbon octafluoride, on side wall of the welding pad is more and not easy to be cleaned, reduces polymer generation on side wall of the welding pad by reducing concentration of the tetracarbon octafluoride and correspondingly adding carbon tetrafluoride.

与现有技术相比，本发明有效解决了由于八氟化四碳产生的聚合物较多而造成焊垫侧壁的聚合物不易被清洗的缺点，在不影响刻蚀效果的前提下适量降低八氟化四碳的浓度，而对应加入四氟化碳，有效减少在焊垫侧壁生成的聚合物，该聚合物更容易在后续清洗制程中清洗干净。

Based on reviewing of functionalization of saturated carbon by catalytic oxidation with metalloporphyrins and metal phthalocyanines as a mimic of the enzyme cytochrome P-450, two reaction systems of which one was the preparation of 4, 4'-dinitrostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonic acid from 4-nitrotoluene2-sulfonic acid and the other was the preparation of 4, 4'-bis (dimethylamino -diphenyl) phenylmethanol from 4, 4'-bis (dimethylamino-diphenyl) phenyl methane , were specifically studied as carfunctionalization and oxyfunctionalization of saturated carbon.

本文在全面综述金属卟啉和金属酞菁类模拟细胞色素P-450酶催化剂催化氧化饱和碳原子功能化的基础上，选择由4-硝基甲苯-2-磺酸制取4，4'-二硝基二苯乙烯-2，2'-二磺酸和由4，4'-二苯基甲烷制取4，4'-二苯基甲醇两个反应体系进行饱和碳原子碳功能化和氧功能化的具体研究。

Using liquid-reduction or complex-redution method,four catalysts,i.e,the Au/C,Pd/C,Pd-Au/C-T and Pd-Au/C-H were preparated and which electroanalytic activities and stabilities for the oxidation of formic acid were compares.

合成并比较了碳载Au、碳载Pd、碳载高合金化Pd-Au和碳载非合金化Pd-Au催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化活性和稳定性。

The dissertation mainly consists of two parts:1. The Reaction Chemistry of Alkynes under Palladium Catalysis Part 1 studies the reaction α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with alkenylpalladium intermediate generated by nucleopalladation, and discovered 1 the Pd-catalyzed tandem addition reaction of halides, alkynes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls,2 the four-component tandem addition reaction of halides, alkynes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, 3 the tandem intramolecular oxypalladation-conjugate additionreaction of alkynoic acids with α,β-enals. These new reactions provide notonly efficient highly stereoselective methods for the synthesis of γ,δ-unsaturated,polyunsaturated carbonyl compounds and γ-lactonic aldehydes, but also thebasic transformations for a number of C-C bond formation reactions which can be usedto design synthesis of many acyclic, cyclic or polycyclic compounds.

本论文的主要工作分为两个部分：一、钯催化下炔烃的反应化学在本小组前人工作的基础上，我们详细研究了炔烃亲核钯化产生的烯基钯中间体与α，β-不饱和羰基化合物的反应，发现两价钯催化下卤离子-炔烃-α，β-不饱和醛酮的串联加成反应、卤离子-炔烃-α，β-不饱和醛酮的西组分串联加成及炔酸分子内氧钯化-串联Michael型加成反应；由此发展了γ，δ-不饱和醛酮、多不饱和羰基化合物和带有醛酮基侧链的γ-丁内酯衍生物的高立体选择性合成方法，这一过量卤离子存在下的烯基钯对α，β-不饱和羰基化合物共轭加成反应的发现，为大量碳-碳键形成反应的实现提供了基础，使我们能够从这一基本反应出发，设计和开发多种分子内、分子间的碳碳成键反应，以好的立体、区域选择性组建开链、环状及多环类型的化合物。

Green tea contains a number of flavonols with the basic structure Specific flavonols found in tea include myricetin (hydroxyls at carbon 3', 4', and 5'), quercetin (hydroxyls at positions 3' and 4'), and kaempferol (hydroxyl at position 4'), and their glycosides.

绿茶含有一些黄酮醇，其基本化学结构为：茶中特有的黄酮醇有杨梅黄酮(3'、4'、5'碳位上羟基化)、豕草花粉苷(3'和4'碳位上羟基化)，莰非醇(4'碳位上羟基化)，以及它们的糖苷物。

For TRO there are a little surfacatants whose effect are not good.In this paper,content of sulfonates and composition of alkyl are decided through right design ;under control reaction conditions different alkylbenzene sulfonates are synthesized;Polyreaction catalyst is developed .non-straight high carbon olefine are made through C9-C12 Polyreaction technolgy;clear composition alkylkenzene is sulfanated in falling-film reactor by SO,product can be adjusted,recipe of the surfacate can be used for super-low interfacialtension with Daqing oil -10-3-10-4mN/m,and stablity is good too.According to method issued by Daqing Develop and Explore Research institute,EOR is over 20% in natural core .

本文研究通过烷基苯磺酸盐组成的正确设计，确定了磺酸盐的当量范围和烷基碳数组成和分布；通过对烷基化条件控制，设计合成了不同碳数的直链和支链烷基苯及烷基二甲苯，并用于制备了相应的烷基苯磺酸盐；研制出了新型的烯烃叠合络合催化剂，采用C_9、C_(12)支链烯烃叠合工艺合成了更高碳数的支链烯烃，并进一步合成出相应的烷基苯和烷基二甲苯；以SO_3为磺化剂，通过对磺化条件的选择和控制，采用已知组成的烷基苯混合物进行膜式磺化反应，使合成工艺得以简化；所得磺酸盐组成确定并且可控，最终配方可与大庆原油形成超低界面张力，达10~3～10~(-4)mN/m数量级，且稳定性良好；以合成的烷基苯磺酸盐为主体形成了三元复合驱配方，室内驱油模拟实验表明，按照大庆研究院对复合驱体系活性剂的评价方法，在天然岩芯上的驱油效率在20％以上。

CNTs were first pre-treated using acid solution (HNO3) to obtain CNTs functionalized with carboxylic groups. Subsequently, the stearyl alcohol was grafted onto CNT with the assistance of dehydrating agent, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide. Excellent dispersion in organic solvents such as acetone, THF, and chloroform was found for the modified CNTs (CNT-C18). In addition, the PBS/CNTs nanocomposites were then prepared through simple melt-blending. Mechanical properties, thermal behavior, conductivity of resultant polymer/CNT composites were investigated. The results show that excellent dispersion of nanotubes in the PBS matrices was achieved.

为了增加多壁奈米碳管在复合材料中的分散性，将碳管表面进行化学修饰，首先将多壁奈米碳管浸入HNO3溶液中，进行酸化，使碳管表面带有羧酸的官能基，然后再加入十八烷醇，在温和的条件下，藉由N，N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(N，N'-dicyclohexyl- carbodiimide，DCC)脱水剂脱水，使碳管和十八烷醇之间产生酯基的化学键结，改质后的碳管可以分散在acetone、THF、chloroform…等有机溶剂中，结果显示成功的利用DCC脱水剂完成碳管的改质。

In the photopolymerization system of AN initiated by AQ and P , the polymerization rates sensitized by addition of carbon tetrabromide to AQ or P are much higher than that of AQ or P alone.

当在AQ引发的AN光聚合体系中，加入四溴化碳后，聚合速率明显加快，所得聚合物特性粘度低于不加四溴化碳的产物，证明四溴化碳与AQ在光照射下，形成激基复合物，参与了引发反应。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。