碳

A photoresist composition including a polymer is disclosed, wherein the polymer includes at least one monomer having the formula: wherein, R1 is selected from H, linear, branched or circular alkyl with 1-20 carton atoms, linear, branched or circular alkyl with 1-20 C atom, which is perfluorinated or semi-perfluorinated; and CN; R2 is alicyclic group with 5 or more carbon atoms; X is selected from methylene, aether, ester, amide and the connecting part of the carbonate; R3 is linear or branched alkylene with one or more carbon atoms or perfluorinated or semi-perfluorinated linear or branched alkylene; R4 is selected from H, CH3, CF3, CHF2, CH2F and perfluorinated or semi-perfluorinated aliphatic group; R5 is selected from the CF3, CHF2, CH2F and perfluorinated or semi-perfluorinated substituted and unsubstituted aliphatic group; n is 1 or higher integer; OR12 is OH or at least an acid unstable group selected from the tert-alkyl carbonate, tert-alkyl ester, tert-alkyl aether, acetal and ketal.

本发明公开了一种包含一种聚合物的光刻胶组合物，该聚合物包括至少一种具有下列结构的单体：其中，R 1 选自氢、具有1～20个碳原子的线形、支化或环状烷基、半氟化或全氟化的具有1～20个碳原子的线形、支化或环状烷基、以及CN；R 2 为具有5个或更多个碳原子的脂环基团；X为选自亚甲基、醚、酯、酰胺和碳酸酯的连接部分；R 3 为具有1个或多个碳原子的线形或支化亚烷基或者半氟化或全氟化的线形或支化亚烷基；R 4 选自氢、甲基(CH 3 )、三氟甲基(CF 3 )、二氟甲基(CHF 2 )、氟代甲基(CH 2 F)、以及半氟化或全氟化的脂族基团；R 5 选自三氟甲基(CF 3 )、二氟甲基(CHF 2 )、氟代甲基(CH 2 F)、以及半氟化或全氟化的取代或未取代的脂族基团；n为1或更大的整数；OR 12 为OH或者选自叔烷基碳酸酯、叔烷基酯、叔烷基醚、缩醛和缩酮的至少一种酸不稳定基团。

It revealed that the gaseous oxygen was related to the deep oxidation of hydrocarbon, since the breakage of C-C bond in allylic intermediate didn＇t exist during the process of reaction. This is due to the weak ability of lattice oxygen to attack hydrocarbon molecular.

实验结果指出，烃类的深度氧化反应与气相氧的存在有关，晶格氧对烃分子中碳碳键的攻击较弱，反应中烯丙基中间体几乎不发生碳碳键的断裂。

Polycarbosilane lower the electronic structure and properties of PCS is a kind of high-molecular compound, the main chain by alternating silicon and carbon atoms of the silicon and carbon atoms are connected to hydrogen or organic group, molecular chains of linear or branch structure.

低聚碳硅烷的电子结构及其性质的研究聚碳硅烷是一类高分子化合物，其主链由硅和碳原子交替组成，硅和碳原子上连接有氢或有机基团，分子链为线形或枝化结构。

The method will involve a sequence of ammonification of glass surface, functionalization of carbon nanotube surface, and bonding between the nanotubes.

将奈米碳管与其它材料以一定的比例复合而制备，进而形成一种具有奈米碳管之复合吸附材料所组成之固相萃取柱介质，其合成步骤包括：奈米碳管表面改质官能化，玻璃粒体之载体氨化及最后将两者经缩合剂作用而产生化学键结使奈米碳管批覆在玻璃粒体之载体上。

Since the production of carbon nanotubes synthesized by arc-discharge method contains impurities such as carbon nano-particles, amorphism carbon and graphite fragment, several purification methods were used to purify carbon nanotubes. It is found that with oxidation method in air, we can easily get purified carbon nanotubes.

由于用电弧放电法合成出来的纳米碳管产物中除了有纳米碳管外，还含有一些纳米石墨颗粒、无定形碳和石墨碎片等，因此本文对用电弧放电法合成出的纳米碳管进行了多种方法、探索性的提纯研究，实验结果发现，利用大气氧化法对纳米碳管进行提纯效果好，设备简单，是一种方便实用的方法。

RESULTS: The carbon femoral head prostheses implanted in animals produced non-toxic side effects, without significant inflammatory response or foreign body reaction. Furthermore, new cartilage tissue around carbon prosthesis was found, while there was no obvious wear debris after sports experiments.

结果：碳质股骨头假体在动物体内无毒副作用，无明显炎症反应和异物反应，在碳质假体周围发现有新生软骨组织，运动实验后碳质股骨头表面没有明显磨损和碳颗粒游离现象。

This paper endogens carbon tax and subsidy two variables, discussing how to decide the optimal level of carbon tax and subsidy. The results of the research are obtained as the following:(1) price and capital subsidy which one is priority depend on the productivity of renewable energy capital, if productivity is high enough, then should adopt capital subsidy policy;(2) price and capital subsidy indeed exist trade-off and non-independent relationship;(3) renewable energy regulation ratio has negative effect on carbon tax, however has positive effect on price subsidy;(4) green certificate price increase will result in decrease carbon tax and price subsidy, but increase capital subsidy;(5) if the authority loose the environmental target, then should impose high carbon tax which maintains the environmental quality, but have ambiguous effect on subsidy policy;(6) increasing stability of renewable energy, then increase price subsidy, however, under budget constraint should decrease capital subsidy;(7) analyzing Taiwan's three wind power energy with different price subsidy, which can improve the technology of wind power energy. In another word, it can raise the capacity of wind power energy and reach the goal of renewable energy.

本文考量政府预算限制下，探讨最适碳税税率与补贴率订定之问题，获得如下发现：(1)发电量补贴与资本补贴对促进再生能源发展效果不一样，决定於再生能源资本的生产力，如果资本生产力足够高，则发电量补贴效果较佳；反之，则应优先采行资本补贴措施；(2)发电量补贴与资本补贴的确存在抵换而非独立关系，亦即在政府预算限制下，为促进再生能源发展，应将种种补贴措施整合考量，以最低行政成本达到再生能源发展目标；(3)再生能源管制配比与碳税税率及资本补贴率呈反向变化关系；而与发电量补贴呈正向关系；(4)绿色权证交易制度具促进再生能源管制目标达到之奖励效果，因此，绿色权证价格提高可降低发电量补贴及碳税税率，降低碳税对经济不利冲击效果；(5)政府如果采行较宽松环境目标，宜提高碳税税率，避免环境品质进一步恶化，然而，对发电量或资本补贴之影响效果不确定；(6)再生能源发电效率愈高，则应提高再生能源发电补贴，在预算限制下，应降低再生能源资本补贴；(7)透过台湾三座风力机组的实证分析，采取差异性发电量补贴，将可诱导较高效率风力机组的投资行为，提高整体风力发电效率，达到再生能源发展之目标。

Our export products include MC/LC FeCr, HC FeCr, SiCr, HC FeMn, MC/LC FeMn, SiMn, LC SiMn, FeW, FeMo, FeNi, nitride chrome, nitride manganese, nitride silicon and compound alloys, directly supplying to famous international iron and steel enterprises, covering over 30 countries and areas with a worldwide reputation.

公司出口产品包括中低微碳铬铁、高碳铬铁、硅铬合金、高碳锰铁、中低微碳纯净锰铁、普通硅锰、低磷低碳硅锰、钨铁、钼铁、镍铁、氮化系列铬、锰、硅合金及复合合金等，直接供应全球知名钢铁企业，产品覆盖世界30多个国家和地区，在国际市场上享誉盛名。

The carbon potential in zones of II, III, IV and V is 1.00%, 1.15%, 0.90% and 0.90%, respectively. The temping temperature is 190 ℃, and the cycle of feed is 25min.

确定了最佳的热处理渗碳工艺参数为：Ⅰ区880℃；Ⅱ区900℃、碳势为1.00 %；Ⅲ区920℃、碳势为1.15%；Ⅳ区900℃、碳势为0.90 %；Ⅴ区835℃、碳势为0.90%；回火温度190℃，推料周期为25 分钟。

The results showed that the CNTs have outer diameters of about 60 nm~90 nm and a length of 8 μm, showing straight tubular and chain structures.

结果显示：合成的碳纳米管为多壁碳管；碳纳米管直径60nm~90nm，长度约8μm；碳纳米管展现出中空管状和链状两种结构；碳纳米管的生长采取催化剂底端生长模式。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。