碳

Monosaccharides are classified according to the umber of carbon atoms: a pentose has five carbon atoms and a bexose six.

根据碳原子数目可将单糖分类：一个戊糖有五个碳原子，一个己糖有六个。

The suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for the synthesis of thrombolytic enzyme were soluble starch and soybean peptone.

合成血栓溶解酶的合适碳、氮源分别是可溶性淀粉和大豆蛋白胨，合成γ-聚谷氨酸的合适碳、氮源分别是蔗糖和NH4Cl。

At present, emissions in America are around 24 tonnes per head; in Europe they are ten.

目前，美国的人均碳排放量约为24吨，而欧洲的人均碳排放量为10吨。

The detection limit was 10 times better than the conventional SPME method. Under the optimized analytical conditions, aqueous samples of trichloroethylene/perchloroethylene (20 μg/L) and benzene/toluene (10 μg/L) were analyzed. The δ13C fractionation compared to pure-phase and headspace analysis was less than 0.5‰.

在优化的条件下，对20 μg/L的三氯乙烯/四氯乙烯和10 μg/L的苯/甲苯水溶液进行了单体碳同位素分析，相比于纯溶剂碳同位素值，顶空同位素分析误差不超过0.5‰，而样本标准偏差为0.3‰。

In some cases, stratigraphic relations require these excursions to be sustained for millions of years at values even below the mantle average of -5‰, the minimum value for a steady state C isotope mass balance in the Phanerozoic ocean.

某种程度上来说，层序的相关性需要至少低于地幔平均值-5‰并且至少多个百万年的同位素数值来获得，稳定碳同位素最小值对于新生代海洋碳同位素平衡起到了平衡的作用。

We show that the combined oxygen and carbon isotope systematics are identical to those of well-understood Phanerozoic examples that lithified in coastal pore fluids, receiving a large groundwater influx of photosynthetic carbon from terrestrial phytomass.

他们得出一个引人注目的结论：这些氧和碳同位素的组合体系与我们非常了解的显生宙样品中的相同；显生宙样品岩化在了沿海的孔隙液中，接受着含有来自陆地植物质的光合作用碳的地下水流入。

SW480 and SW620 cells were also used to study the gene regulation with high carbohydrate intake, where it was shown that during glycolysis eight genes, HK1 (nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 1), GPI, GAPD (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), PGK1 (phosphoglycerate kinase 1), PGK2 (phosphoglycerate kinase 2), ENO2 (enolase 2), PKM2 (pyruvate kinase, muscle, transcript variant 2) and GLUT1 (facilitated glucose transporter, member 1) are over-expressed. In our study, we also found that during hypoxia of cancer tissues the resulting up-regulation of HIF-2α(hypoxia-inducible factor 2, alpha subunit) would in turn up-regulate the GLU1 gene, further activating glycolysis.

另一方面，在高碳水化合物的调控研究上，吾人也利用SW480和SW620细胞株分析证实醣解水解活化过程中，其六碳醣激酶-1(HK1)、葡萄糖磷酸异构酶、3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶、磷酸甘油酸激酶-1(PGK1)、磷酸甘油酸激酶-2(PGK2)、烯醇酶-2(ENO2)、丙酮酸激酶-2(PKM2)以及葡萄糖输送蛋白-1(GLUT1)等共有8个基因是连续上升的过度表现；此外，吾人也发现当癌细胞在缺氧的组织中，其缺氧转录子-2α基因(HIF-2α)表现上升后，会活化GLU1基因上升，进一步活化醣解代谢的进行。

Most plants are C3 plants; they experience decreased carbohydrate production under hot, dry conditions as a result of the effects of photorespiration.

大部分植物是碳3植物，在高温干旱条件下，由于光呼吸作用而使碳水化合物的合成降低。

Pig iron is an alloy of iron and carbon with carbon content more than two per cent.

生铁是铁碳合金，其碳的含量在百分之二之上。

In 1995 merged the original know-how supply company and obtained our own carbon black manufacture technology and pilot plant.

公司於1995年并购原技术移转的美国大陆碳烟公司，拥有大陆碳技术及实验工厂。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。