碳

The coring was successfully operated on the winter ice-cover of the lake in 2000 and the pioneer practice of the ""off-the-ice"" coring proves to be very useful and economic for taking quality cores from lakes in northern China.A multidisciplinary investigation has been carried out on core HQH4, one of the three 11-m-long cores. Results from previous investigation include lithostratigraphy, radiocarbon dating, paleoecology of Ostracoda, stable isotopic record of ostracod shells, total nitrogen and organic carbon, C/N ratio, 81 C of organic matter etc.

在对深度为11米的HQH4岩芯开展了~(14)C年代学、岩性地层学、介形类古生态及介壳稳定同位素、有机碳和总氮及C/N比值、有机碳同位素等多学科综合分析测试和研究工作的基础上，本硕士学位论文研究侧重开展了：1HQH4岩芯烧失量(Loss-on-ignition)的系统分析测定及该地层学变量的古湖泊和环境变化意义的研究；2沉水植物川蔓藻化石种子生态学特征及其在黄旗海湖泊水位重建和气候变化研究方面的重要意义的研究。

The results show that the perfect strength can be obtained under oxygen partial pressure about 20% O2, overhigh or low oxygen partial pressure is unfavorable for recrystallization of Fe2O3, which causes a decrease of pellet strength. The original hematite will be transformed into magnetite on reduction firstly when carbon-burdened hematite pellet is roasted in oxidizing atmosphere, and then the magnetite will be oxidized to secondary hematite, which is more active than original hematite, therefore, the induration strength of pellet is able to be enhanced.

研究结果表明：内配碳赤铁矿氧化球团在接近空气配比(氧含量约20%，体积分数)的氧化性气氛中焙烧强度最大，氧含量过高或过低都会影响Fe2O3的再结晶，使球团强度降低；在氧化性气氛中焙烧含碳赤铁矿球团时，原生赤铁矿先还原为磁铁矿，磁铁矿再氧化成活性较高的次生赤铁矿，提高了赤铁矿焙烧固结性能和球团强度。

The stored electrons are readily discharged on demand upon addition of electron acceptors such as thiazine and oxazine dyes (reduction potential less negative than that of the SWCNT conduction band) to the TiO2–SWCNT suspension.

Kamat强调，只有当半导体颗粒和碳纳米管二者的费米能达到平衡，电子转移才会停止，因此，32个碳原子捕获一个电子是受到系统能量限制的保守估计。

Using the basic principle of the color fading of Mn(Na2HP2O7)3, due to oxidizing by oxidizable organic matter at concentrated H2SO4 the effects of different concentrations of organic carbon compounds, colorimetric conditions (temperature, color developing time and colorimetric wave length) and some intervening ions on the colorimetric determination of dissolved organic carbon were systematically studied.

利用紫红色络合物Mn(Na2HP2O7)3在浓H2SO4存在时可氧化有机质使络合物颜色变浅的基本原理，系统研究了不同种类、不同浓度的有机碳化合物、比色测定的条件(温度、显色时间和比色波长)与一些干扰离子对水溶性有机碳比色测定的影响。

The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc can be increased, and the contents of hydrolizable nitrogen and their forms , Fe-P, Al-P, Ca〓-P, all organic P forms, exchangeable and organic iron, manganese, copper, zinc are increased obviously in long-term application organic manure soil. Not only the contents of soil readily oxidizable carbon, humic acid, fuluic acid, and HA/FA value are increased and Kos value decreased but also the available nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc are kept more high level in the organic manure soils. Long-term mulching straw has similar role with organic manure for soil nutrient except for decreasing total phosphorus, available P, N and Ca〓-P, but its fertilizer efficiency is not better than organic manure.

有机肥还具有提高土壤易氧化碳和松结态腐殖质含量，降低kos值，提高土壤HA、FA含量及其比值的作用，使土壤中有效态氮、磷、铁、锰、铜和锌含量处于中上等水平；长期秸秆还田除了不增加土壤全磷、有效氮和磷等外，对其他养分的作用效果与有机肥相似，但其肥效不如有机肥；长期氮磷化肥单施，土壤全氮和磷增加，有机质、铁、锰、铜和锌含量下降，易氧化碳、松结态腐殖质、HA和FA含量、kos和HA/FA值下降；长期不施肥土壤有机质、全氮等养分处于消耗状态。

The oxidation of C=C double bond in 4-isopropylideneC〓-trishomocubane-8, 11-dione was studied. Ozonolysis of that double bond was arrived and the ozonide was found much more stable than ordinary ozonides.

详细研究了4—异亚丙基—C〓—三高立方烷—8，11—二酮中碳—碳双键的氧化反应，实现了双键的臭氧化分解，并发现其臭氧化物具有不寻常的稳定性。

The structures of 6 main products of ozonization of nopol were identified by GC-MS, and they are all four-ring compounds , the result suggests that the double bond, tertiary hydrogen can be oxidized, and there was other further oxidation.

通过GC-MS分析确定了6个诺卜醇臭氧化主要产物的结构，它们均为四元环类化合物，这表明诺卜醇臭氧化时碳碳双键、叔氢都会被氧化，还伴有其它更深层次的反应。

The results showed:1The 6 main products are all fourmemberring compounds produced through the cleavage of double bond of nopol;2Accompany with oxidations of the double bond and tertiary hydrogen in the ozonization,there are other reactions at more indepth levels.

分析结果表明：这6个主要产物都是诺卜醇分子中双键断裂后所形成的四元环类化合物，诺卜醇臭氧化时除了碳碳双键、叔氢被氧化外，还伴有其它更深层次的反应。

The variety of average content of organic carbon is related to the paleogeography situation of the study area and sea-level oscillation.

综合分析结果表明：该区泥、页岩中残余有机碳含量在0.05%-1.1%之间，平均值约为0.42%，其中下白垩统约为0.531%，上白垩统约为0.265%，有机碳平均含量变化特征与该区的古地理格局及海平面升降有关。

Surface of plate face was very smooth, unlike rough, pebbly surface of cemented plates, such as U.S.

碳含量被增加到了VC钢的水平以使其容易淬火；加入适量的铜以减少镍的使用量；又加入少量的钼以加强淬火的硬化能力；在无须牺牲VC级别防护性能的情况下，没有采用对浅层装甲使用渗碳（大多数情况下外国的表面硬化处理方式）的工艺。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。