碳

The carbonizing temperature, carbonizing time and the pressure of benzene (C6H6) are the decisive factors.

结果表明：在1723K，苯的压强为1.5×10-2Pa，碳化6min后Mo-La2O3阴极碳化度达到19.7%，碳化层为疏松多孔的Mo2C组织，有利于阴极热电子发射。

The present dissertation deals with:(1) Exploring the feasibility of the CO〓 methanation and the conversion CH〓/H〓 into C〓 hydrocarbons under plasma with catalyst at ambient temperature and atmosphere.(2) Designing a reactor and preparing some catalysts suited for the conversion of carbon dioxide via the cooperation effect of plasma and catalysts.(3) Optimizing reaction conditions of conversion carbon dioxide to C〓 hydrocarbons in the proposed process.(4) Studying the reaction mechanism of conversion carbon dioxide to C〓 hydrocarbons under plasma by using in situ OES technology.(5) By the results of characterizing coked catalysts, exploring the reasons that result in the coking of catalyst and the paths for decreasing the deposit in the catalyst under plasma.(6) Analyzing the energy efficiency of the plasma catalysis and exploring the paths for improving the energy efficiency.

论文的主要研究工作包括：（1）探索脉冲电晕等离子体与催化剂共同作用CO〓／H〓甲烷化和由CH〓/H〓合成C〓烃反应的可行性；（2）研制等离子体催化CO〓转化的反应器和适配的催化剂；（3）优化等离子体催化CO〓转化制C〓烃反应的工艺条件和电参数；（4）利用原子发射光谱原位技术对等离子体反应的诊断结果，对等离子体催化CO〓转化制C〓烃反应的机理进行推断；（5）通过对积碳催化剂的表征结果，分析积碳的类型及其成因，并探讨减少积碳的途径；（6）通过对等离子体催化CO〓转化制C〓烃反应能量效率的分析，探讨提高等离子体催化反应能量效率的途径。

Carbonitriding, sometimes known as dry cyaniding or nicarbing, is a case-hardening process in which the steel is held at a temperture above the critical range in a gaseous atmosphere from which it absorbs carbon and nitrogen.

碳氮共渗碳氮共渗，有时称为干氰化或nicarbing ，就是一个例子硬化过程中，钢铁是在温度高于临界各种气体的气氛它吸收碳和氮。

MgO-C brick has a good erosion resistance but Al〓O〓-C brick is better. Corrosion mechanism for refractory without carbon is that FeO and oxides of molten slag take place chemical reaction with constituents of refractory and forming low fusing point compounds to be dissolved in molten slag. For those refractory containing graphite carbon is to be decarburized in advance and to form decarburizing layer and metamorphosis layer. The subsequent corrosion is decarburizing and taking chemical reaction to form low fusing point compounds and dissolved in molten slag at the same time.

铁浴中硅和钛的扩散是影响铁浴及熔渣与耐火材料作用的重要因素，耐火材料中添加的TiO〓和SiC受熔渣氧化和侵蚀，将被部分还原形成Si，Ti向铁浴中扩散，Si、Ti在铁浴中的扩散研究结果是： D〓=1.84×10〓exp（－5988.7/T） cm〓/S E〓=49766 J/mol D〓=7.76×10〓exp（－53225.5/T） cm〓/S E〓=442304 J/mol 铁浴式熔融还原熔体对粘土砖，高铝砖，镁砖的侵蚀速度很高，镁碳砖抗侵蚀能力比前几种耐火材料强，但不如铝碳砖；对不含碳耐火材料在熔体中的侵蚀是熔渣中FeO及其它氧化物与耐火材料组分的化学反应形成低熔点物熔蚀进入渣相，产生损毁。

Cold smelting charge ratio was respectively 20%,25%,28%, by optimizing slag making and oxygen blowing process of dephosphorizing pretreatment period and decarburizing period,oxygen consumption rate increased from 20～30% to 40～50% than conventional process in dephosphorizing pretreatment period and slag charge was controlled at 8～15kg.t-1 in decarburizing pretreatment period.

在冷料比为20%、25%、28%条件下，通过优化脱磷、脱碳期供氧和造渣工艺，脱磷期耗氧比从传统工艺的20%～30%提高到30%～50%，脱碳期渣料加入量控制在8～15 kg.t-1.50炉工业试验结果表明，脱碳期一倒温度达到常规冶炼控制水平，一倒、控制水平明显好于常规冶炼工艺。

In this paper, the method of growing carbon nanotubes bycatalytic decomposition of 〓 in low temperature on apowder Ni-Mg-O catalyst system is used. By controlling thereaction conditions and catalyst precursor, we preparedifferent configuration of carbon nanotubes and discuss themechanism of carbon nanotubes growth, we firstly researchthe character of lithium ion intercalating carbon nantubes,and reach some important conclusions.

本文主要采用了甲烷在镍基催化剂上的低温裂解，控制不同的条件和催化剂前驱体，制备出各种不同形态参数的碳纳米管，讨论了碳纳米管的生长机理；并且首次研究了各种不同形态参数的碳纳米管的嵌锂性能，取得了一些有意义的结论：一。

The concentration of the gas could be achieved by measuring the change of the conductivity. In the experiments, the gas sensor was prepared by spreading the water solution of carbon nanotubes between the interdigitated Au electrode, which was splashed on alumina. In this paper, three methods, such as mixing palladium and copper chloride, deoxidizing palladium and copper by chemical and electrochemical means, were used to doping palladium and copper in multi-wall carbon nanotubes.

实验中我们采用单壁和多壁纳米碳管作为敏感材料，在叉指金电极间涂布纳米碳管悬浊液作为气敏膜，用于有机挥发物如甲醛、苯、甲苯和二甲苯的检测，并着重研究了掺杂氯化钯和氯化铜盐溶液、化学和电化学方法掺杂钯和铜金属颗粒对多壁纳米碳管传感器的气敏性能的影响。

A lacunaris interface was formed in which CTs and CNT were intertwisted. And theunique performance of CNT and adsorption, complexation effect of CTs were combined.

壳聚糖复合碳纳米管修饰层内壳聚糖与碳纳米管相互缠绕，形成了多孔的界面结构，即发挥了碳纳米管的独特性能又体现了壳聚糖的吸附、络合性能。

The process involved the preparation of vanadium carbide which can be prepared from V 2O 3 by vacuum carbon reduction and then being nitrified to vanadium nitride by nitrogen gas.

以V2 O3为原料，采用真空还原方法制备出碳化钒，生成的碳化钒直接进行渗氮制备出碳氮化钒。

Prognosticated dimensions to investigate from the period of year, the overground amount of organic carbon on unit area is big, the underground soil organic carbon on unit area is biger.So,Tamarix is one of important carbon sink at arid land.

从年周期观测尺度来考察，单位柽柳林面积中的碳蓄积量较大，林下土壤中的碳蓄积量更大，因此，柽柳是干旱区重要碳汇之一。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。