碳

Proper shrubbery – Tamarix ramosissima was taken as the research subject, Through the observation of upper organic matter aggradation and the research of underground annual changes of soil organic carbon. Make sure the accumulations of soil organic carbon and the carbon cumulation under the Tamarix,The results indicate that: 1）Based on one year's observation,We found that,the formation of annual layer depending on the dynamic balance between hearty growth of Tamarix and reposeful accumulated environment.

本研究选择干旱区特征性灌木植物——柽柳为研究对象，通过对柽柳冠下地表有机质沉积的观测以及地下土壤有机碳含量年际变化的研究，查明柽柳冠下土壤有机碳的积累情况及其碳蓄积作用，并探讨柽柳在全球气候变化和碳循环中的作用及贡献，为进一步研究干旱区碳循环及其碳汇功能提供基础数据。

The behavior of these heated carbon nanotubes can be explained with the carbon atomy bond structure. The curves of energy to temperature for the nanotubes are given for showing the changes of their thermal stability.

在深入分析碳纳米管内碳键结构的基础上，进一步探讨了各种碳管的碳键从sp^2向sp^3转变的情况，利用键重构对碳管的热稳定性给出了理论解释；通过平均能量和温度的关系曲线分析，研究碳管热稳定性的变化。

The results showed that the initial temperature of methanation is different for the carbonaceous phases with different stability.

研究结果表明，不同稳定性的碳相在氢气氛下的起始甲烷化温度是不一样的，构成碳纳米管主体的六元环的碳，较之类似活性碳的杂形碳以及主要由五元环和七元环构成的碳纳米小颗粒，在氢气氛下是较为稳定的。

Based on the result, the coalification mechanism of

尤其是芳碳率、质子化碳、芳氢率、桥头碳、氧接芳碳、侧支芳碳和脂碳率及芳甲基、脂甲基等，随碳元素的含量、O／C值变化的演化

Moreover, since the strain energy of zigzag tubes is larger than that of the armchair tubes with the same semidiameter, the ends of the armchair tubes are easier to be closed than those of the zigzag ones. And the closed structures of the zigzag tubes have a lot of defects, even at 3000 K, there will be few carbon atoms flying away from them.

此外，由于锯齿型碳管应力能比同口径扶手型碳管的应力能大，使得扶手型碳管比锯齿型碳管更容易形成端口封闭的结构，且锯齿型碳管端口的封闭结构出现相对较多的缺陷，甚至在3000K下会有少最碳原子从端口飞离碳管。

A positively-charged chemical species where the positive charge is localised on a carbon atom. Both carbenium ions (which have three bonds to a positively charged carbon) and carbonium ions (which may have five or more bonds to a positively charged carbon) are examples of carbocations.

碳阳离子：正电荷位于碳原子上的一种正电性的化学物种，碳正离子（三个键连接在带正电的碳上）和碳鎓离子（有五个甚至更多的键连接在正电性的碳上）都属于碳阳离子。

Synthesis of organic sulfuric compounds in aqueous media is carried out by: using thio-olefin compounds with carbonyl compounds, acetal/keltone, hydrazone, oxime, osazone and enamine to synthesize mercaptal/keltone compounds in aqueous media; using thio-olefin compounds with alpha-hydroxyaldehyde/keltone or alpha-halogenated aldehyde/keltone to synthesize thia-olefin derivatives in a queous media; using thio-olefin compounds with alpha, beta-unsaturated hydroxy compounds, C-C treble bond, C-N treble bond, C-C double bond, N-N double bond, C-N double bond, C-S double bond, epoxy and its derivatives, aziridine and its derivatives, cyclopropane and its derivatives and halogenated carboxy to synthesize sulfoether compounds in a queous media.

含水介质中有机硫化合物的合成方法，本发明属于有机合成方法，用硫缩烯酮类化合物与羰基化合物、缩醛/酮、腙、肟、脎、烯胺在含水介质中合成缩硫醛/酮化合物，与α-羟基醛/酮或α-卤代醛/酮在含水介质中合成噻烯类衍生物，与α，β-不饱和羰基化合物、碳碳叁键、碳氮叁键、碳碳双键、氮氮双键、碳氮双键、碳硫双键、环氧乙烷及其衍生物、氮杂环丙烷及其衍生物、环丙烷及其衍生物、卤代烃等在含水介质，中合成硫醚化合物。

Based on decarburization math model for RH process,the decarburization behavior of a 210 t RH unit has been studied to analyze the effect of vacuum,lifting gas flow rate and up-leg inner diameter on decarburizing process.

基于RH脱碳数学模型，研究了210tRH精炼装置的脱碳行为，分析了真空度、提升气体流量及浸渍管内径等因素对脱碳过程的影响；在自然脱碳条件下，根据实际取样分析结果，计算出脱碳速率常数K_C，发现整个脱碳过程分为两个阶段，即快速脱碳阶段和脱碳停滞阶段。

The calculation of carbon stock changes for the purpose of accounting for harvested wood products, if so elected, on land that is to be accounted for under either reforested land or elected forest management land shall be based on the total increment of carbon stock growth in the eligible forest minus any changes in soil carbon, minus carbon stocks left over from timber harvest activities, minus carbon stocks from any wood residues from wood mills, minus carbon stocks from wood products used for the purposes of paper, wood chips or other short-lived wood products, minus a carbon release estimate of harvested wood products produced and then destroyed during the commitment period, times a conversion factor from carbon to carbon dioxide equivalent.

如经选定，为了对伐木制品进行核算，对再造林土地上或选定的森林管理土地上碳储存变化的计算应基于以下方式：符合资格的森林中碳储存的增量总额减去土壤碳的任何变化量，减去伐木活动余下的碳储存，减去木材厂木渣的碳储存，减去用于造纸的木材产品、木屑或其他短生命周期木制品的碳储存，减去在承诺期生产但后又破坏的伐木产品的估计碳释放量，乘以从碳到二氧化碳的换算系数。

The temperature rising mechanisms of manganese carbonate fines containing coal by microwave heating were discussed. The results show that, manganese carbonate fines containing coal have good characteristics of microwave heating and self-reduction. At the molar ratios of C atom to O atom as 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 in the mixed materials, the averaged maximum temperature-rising rate of the mixed materials by microwave heating is 140.7 K/min at 1 473 K with the microwave frequency of 2.450 GHz. At the different containing coal ratios and heating temperatures, the value of the dielectric constant is big, 5.5, but that of the permeability is about 1, so the mixed materials belong to dielectric loss. The temperature rising performance depends chiefly upon the electromagnetic performance of materials, whose change is caused primarily by the chemical reaction, the changes of crystal structural , and the changes of defects state. The bigger the containing coal ratio, the better the absorptivity of microwave. At the same containing coal ratio, the higher the heating temperature, the weaker the absorptivity of microwave.

研究结果表明：含碳碳酸锰矿粉具有优良的微波加热特性和自还原性；在微波加热频率为2.450 GHz、碳氧原子摩尔比分别为1.1，1.2和1.3时，微波加热混合物料至1 473 K的升温速率平均最高达到140.7 K/min；不同的加热温度和配碳比下混合物料的介电常数较大，都在5.5左右，而磁导率为1左右，属介电损耗型；微波加热含碳碳酸锰矿粉的升温性能主要取决于含碳碳酸锰矿粉的电磁性能，而电磁性能的改变主要是由物料加热过程中产生的化学反应、晶体结构变化及缺陷状态的改变引起的；配碳比提高，物料吸收微波的能力有所提高；在相同的配碳比下，加热温度升高，吸收微波的能力有所减弱。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。