碳

It provides a route tothe compounds which contains three functional groups, two carbon-nitrogentriple bonds and one carbon-carbon double bond. In water, metallic indiumpromotes carbon-sulfur bond coupling reaction of aromatic sulfonyl chloride withsuitable organic halides to afford sulfones. In the last chapter, metallic tin mediated allylation of aldimines with allylbromide was revealed.

第三章，我们研究了在水相介质中金属铟促进的烯丙基溴对1，1-二氰基-2-芳基乙烯的Michael加成反应，生成一个含碳碳双键和二个碳氮叁键的三官能团化合物，另外，金属铟在水介质中还可以促进芳基磺酰氯与卤代烃发生碳硫键的偶联，生成砜。

After removing the catalyzer by dense muriatic acid, carbon nanotubes are reacted with mix acid (vitriol:nitric acid=3:1 vol./vol.). By comparing the surface image of gained carbon nanotubes under the different condition, the best mix acid oxidation temperature is fixed on 140°C and the reaction time is 30min. The soluble carbon nanotubes were prepared by decorating of octadecylamine on the surface of nanotubes. Three processes of grafting were investigated in this research.

对碳纳米管的热失重、差热分析结果表明，通过在一定温度下空气氧化可去除大部分碳颗粒；而浓盐酸浸泡可去除碳纳米管制备过程中残留的催化剂颗粒；对在不同条件下与硫酸和硝酸配制的混酸反应处理后得到的碳纳米管的表面形貌研究表明最佳混酸氧化条件为140℃氧化30min。

Furthermore, by using Natori theory on the field-effect transistor we study the current-voltage characteristics of deformed carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. For strain deformation, the conductivity of zigzag nanotube presents different characteristics with the remainder of n and 3. For armchair nanotubes, the conductivity does not change with the strain parameter. However, for torsion deformation, the conductivity rapidly increases, specially for the armchair tube. It has many obviously different conductivity behaviors between zigzag tubes and armchair tubes.

进一步应用场效应晶体管Natori理论模拟计算形变碳纳米管场效应晶体管的电流-电压特性的影响，zigzag碳管根据n 与3的余数关系表现出不同的电流变化趋势，而对于armchair碳管轴向拉伸不改变电流；在扭转形变时，碳管电流急剧升高，特别是armchair管。zigzag和armchair管的电流随扭转角度和外电压行为明显不同。

The carbon storage in different organs was positively related to the biomass of corresponding organs. Stem accumulated the highest carbon storage, comprised 52.20% of carbon storage in overstory trees, the rest in branch, leaf, bark and root, etc., seized 47.80%. The annual net productivity of 7-year-old A. crossicarpa plantation was 20.06 t/(hm^2a) and annual carbon fixation was up to 9.86t/(hm^2a).

厚荚相思各器官碳贮量与其生物量成正比例关系，树干的碳贮量最高，占乔木层碳贮量的52.20%，树枝、树叶、树皮和树根等碳贮量共占乔木层的47.80%。7年生厚荚相思人工林乔木层年净生产力为20.06t/(hm^2a)，碳素年净固定量为9.86t/(hm^2a)。

To analyze and compare the microstructures and appearances of steel wires with different phosphatization quality treated simultaneously in the same continuous production line by means of microscopy and SEM.

利用金相分析及扫描电镜等方法对钢丝连续生产线上同时处理的磷化质量差异较大的钢丝进行金相组织和外观形貌对比分析，指出造成钢丝磷化质量相异的主要原因是钢丝表面存在脱碳组织，这种脱碳组织是线材表面脱碳造成的，并且线材的脱碳层厚度即使是在相关标准规定范围内，也会对连续作业线的钢丝磷化造成影响。

Soil labile organic matter and carbon management index are important parameter representing carbon cycle in soil ecosystem. Study on dynamics of them in the artificial Robinia in loess hilly area so as to understand the change and effect evaluation during process of ecological restoration is of great importance.

：土壤碳库管理指数是表征土壤碳变化的重要量化指标，研究黄土丘陵区人工刺槐林土壤活性有机碳与碳库管理指数的变化过程对认识该地区生态恢复过程中土壤质量的演变及其效果评价具有重要意义。

This peak arises from the preferential rotation of the axes of carbon pairs existed in the specimen under the influence of an alternating load.

在外加应力的作用下，这类碳原子对轴的择尤旋转便引起了内耗。根据这个机构并结合内耗测量过程中试样内部碳原子重新分布的情况，可以推导出碳浓度和内耗峰高度之间的定量关系，并从而求出合金的点阵空位形成能和构成碳原子对时所放出的能量。

The mathematical model of weight gain per unit area during carburizing was deduced on basis of the third boundary condition of surface reaction for carburizing and RE-carburizing.

本文系统地研究了20、20CrMnTi和20Cr2Ni4A钢气体渗碳和稀土渗碳过程中的碳浓度分布、表面碳浓度增长动力学和渗层增厚动力学。

Using the sign if icance of these characters in the aspect of sediment environment, th is paper analyzed C and O iso tope ofQ ian jiang Saline lake and educed conclu sion s: there are good relat ivity betw een the change of clim ate and sedim ent\r\nenvironm en t and the con tent's change of C and O iso tope from high to low; it is aobturated saline lake of\r\ninnerland tow ard Q ian jiang saline lake, and the con ten t of C and O iso tope was primarily decided that Ciso tope is - 5‰ and O isotope is - 2‰.

主要介绍了碳和氧同位素的地球化学特征，利用这些特征在沉积环境方面的指示意义分析了潜江盐湖的碳、氧同位素并得出了以下认识：碳、氧同位素值的高低变化与气候的变化和沉积环境的变化具有很好的相关性；潜江盐湖是一个封闭的内陆盐湖，就该湖而言，其碳同位素值可初步确定为- 5‰，其氧同位素值为- 2‰。

Worn surface morphology was examined with scanning electron microscopy, and wear volume was measured with a Talysurf 5P-120 topographer. Results show that CNTs, in mass concentration of 0.01%~0.1%, can greatly improve the antiwear ability of lubricating oil. With addition of CNTs, the maximum reduction of wear rate is about 57%, and scratches on the worn surfaces become slighter and more uniform. The maximum decrease of friction coefficient is about 15% with 0.025% CNTs additive at the load of 300 N. The antiwear mechanism has been discussed.

结果表明：碳纳米管作为润滑油添加剂表现出优良的抗磨性能，在质量分数仅为0.0125%～0.1000%时，润滑油的抗磨性能显著提高；在质量分数约为0.0500%时其抗磨效果最佳，磨损率降低幅值达57%；在较高载荷下，添加0.0250%的碳纳米管能够使其摩擦系数减小约15%，但随着碳纳米管质量分数的增加，摩擦系数迅速提高；含碳纳米管润滑油的磨斑表面平整，划痕较细且分布均匀。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。