碳

The method involves exposing the cells to a compound having the formula I in which: w is a nucleic acid x is a non-amino acid or non-peptide nucleic acid binding group y is a spacer having a chain length equivalent to 1-30 carbon-carbon single covalent bonds or is absent R4 is H or halogen or CH2O-R3; and R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and are either hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl, hydroxylated alkenyl groups or ether containing alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl or hydroxylated alkenyl groups optionally being an acyl group having a carbon chain length equivalent to 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated, with the proviso that at least one of R1, R2 or R3 includes a group having a carbon chain of 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated, or to a compound having the formula II in which: w is a nucleic acid x is a non-amino acid or non-peptide nucleic acid binding group y is a space having a chain length equivalent to 1-30 carbon-carbon single covalent bonds or is absent, R5 is alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl, hydroxylated alkenyl group or ether containing alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl or hydroxylated alkenyl group optionally being an acyl group having a carbon chain length equivalent to 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated, with the proviso that R5 includes a group having a carbon chain of 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated.

该方法包括使细胞暴露于具有式的化合物，在式中：w是核酸，x是非氨基酸或者非肽核酸结合基团，y是具有等于1―30个碳―碳单共价键的链长的间隔基或者不存在，R4是H或者卤素或者CH2O－R3；R1、R2和R3是相同的或者不同的并且是氢、甲基、乙基、烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基、羟基化链烯基或者包含烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基或羟基化链烯基的醚，任选地是来源于具有等于3―24个碳原子的碳链长的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸的酰基，其条件是R1、R2或者R3的至少一个包括具有3―24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和碳链的基团，或者使细胞暴露于具有式的化合物，在式中：w是核酸，x是非氨基酸或者非肽核酸结合基团，y是具有等于1―30个碳―碳单共价键的链长的间隔基或者不存在，R5是烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基、羟基化链烯基或者包含烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基或羟基化链烯基的醚，任选地是具有等于3―24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和碳链的链长的酰基，其条件是R5包括具有3―24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和碳链的基团。

In the single crystal of C60 with a FCC structure,positron mainly appears outside the C60 molecule.The main annihilation space is the interspace between molecules.The calculated positron bulk lifetime in C60 is 352ps, which agrees with experiment value of 356ps in literature.In carbon nanotube bundles with different dimeters,as the diameter of carbon nanotubes increases,the main space where positron appears changes from the interspace of carbon tubes to the space inside carbon tubes,the radio between positron annihilation with valence eletrons and core eletrons becomes larger,the positron bulk lifetime in carbon nanotube increase rapidly first and come to be a constant at the end.The calculated positron lifetime of carbon nanotube with a dimeter of 0.8～1.6ns is 332～470ps,which agrees with the experiment value of 394ps.Positron annihilation has been studied in widly used compound semiconductors.

计算结果表明：在片层结构的石墨晶体中，正电子主要在石墨层间的空隙中湮没，计算出的石墨中的正电子寿命为208 pS，与文献中的实验结果215 ps符合很好；在金刚石单晶中，正电子主要在碳原子之间的空隙中存在并发生湮没，计算出的金刚石中的正电子寿命为115 ps，文献中的实验结果110 ps左右符合；在面心立方结构的C60晶体中，正电子主要在C60分子球壳内外侧及分子之间存在，C60球形分子中心正电子分布很少，正电子的湮没区域集中在C60分子之间的空隙区域，计算出的C60中的正电子寿命为352 ps与文献中的实验结果356ps相符合；对于不同管径碳米管束中的正电子分布，随着碳纳米管直径的增加，碳纳米管束中的正电子由主要在碳纳米管管间的区域出现转变为主要在碳纳米管管内中心的区域出现：碳纳米管束中的正电子与碳原子的价电子的湮没概率变得越来越大，与核心电子的湮没概率变得越来越小；碳纳米管束中正电子的湮没寿命先迅速增大，而后趋于一定值。

In this thesis a mathematical model referring to the relationship between the case depth and carbon distribution by using a nonlinear regression. The electromagnetic characteristics in carburized materials were discussed. Results show that inductivity and magnetic inductivity depend on the carbon concentration in carburized layer. A relationship model between the electric, magnetic inductivity and carbon concentration was built.

结合渗碳材料的碳浓度和组织状态对电导率和磁导率的影响规律，建立了渗碳材料电导率和磁导率与碳浓度的关系模型，利用该模型及渗碳层深度和碳浓度分布关系的数学模型，建立了渗碳层深度与渗层电磁性能的关系，为实现对渗碳层深度的无损检测提供了可靠的理论与实验基础。

This invention provides compounds of Formula; wherein: R is a moiety selected from the group: and n is an integer of 1 or 2; R is selected from hydrogen, amino,-NRR, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, halogen, and a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted, having 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S; R is selected from hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, vinyl, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted and halogen; R is H, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, bicycloalkyl of 5 to 10 carbon atoms or aralkyl optionally substituted; R is OH or -OH; R and R are each independently H or alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or when optionally taken together with the nitrogen atom to which each is attached form a 3 to 8 membered saturated heterocyclyl ring; R is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted; or a tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

本发明提供式的化合物；其中：R 1 为选自基团和的部分；n为整数1或2；R 2 选自氢、氨基、-NR 6 R 7 、具有1到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的烷基、具有6个、10个或14个碳原子的视情况经取代的芳基、具有2到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的烯基、具有2到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的炔基、卤素和具有1到4个独立地选自N、O和S的杂原子的视情况经取代的5元到10元杂芳基环；R 3 选自氢、具有1到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的烷基、具有6个、10个或14个碳原子的视情况经取代的芳基、具有2到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的烯基、乙烯基、具有2到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的炔基和卤素；R 4 为H、具有1到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的烷基、具有3到8个碳原子的环烷基、具有5到10个碳原子的双环烷基或视情况经取代的芳烷基；R 5 为OH或-OH 8 ；R 6 和R 7 各自独立地为H或具有1到12个碳原子的烷基，或当视情况与其所连接的氮原子连接在一起时形成3元到8元饱和杂环基环；R 8 为具有1到12个碳原子的视情况经取代的烷基；或其互变异构体或医药学上可接受的盐。

Straw application, whether straw mulch or incorporated straw with soil, increased the content of soil labile organic carbon and incorporated straw with soil as more beneficial to the increase of the contents of hot water-extractable carbon, potentially mineralizable carbon acid-extractable carbon, readily oxidizable carbon, particulate organic carbon, and light fraction organic carbon.

表施秸秆和混施秸秆均能使土壤活性有机碳含量增加或显著增加，混施秸秆较表施秸秆更有利于热水提取态碳、可矿化碳、酸提取态碳、易氧化态碳、颗粒有机碳和轻组有机碳含量增加，而可溶性有机碳和微生物生物量碳的变化与秸秆施用方式关系不大。

Undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, brassylic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, pentadecanedioic acid, nylon 1212 resin, nylon 1212 salt, nylon 1212 powder, pa 1212 adhesives and sealants, zirconium dioxide, zirconium dioxide powder, zirconium oxychloride, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, dimethyl sebacate, dodecanedioic acid dimethyl ester, dodecane diamine etc.

十一碳二元酸，十二碳二元酸，十三碳二元酸，十四碳二元酸，十五碳二元酸，十二碳二元胺，十二碳二元醇，癸二醇，癸二酸二甲酯，十二碳二酸二甲酯，PA尼龙1212型高档热熔胶；以及二氧化锆，氧氯化锆等。

Result 16 kinds of fatty acids were separated from Anak chicken muscle and identified. Among them, 7 kinds fatty acids, including lauric acid, myristic acid, pen-tadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid and eicosanoic acid, were saturated fatty acids and its content accounted for 38.55% of the total fatty acids; 9 kinds fatty acids, including 11-teteadecenoic acid, 9-hexadecenoic acid, 9-vaccenic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 6,9,12-octadeca-trienoic acid, 11-eicosenoic acid, 10, l3-eicosenoic acid, 7,10, 13-eicosatriennoic acid and 5,8,11,14-arachidonic acid, were unsaturated fatty acids, and its content accounted for 61.45% of the total fatty acids.

结果］安卡鸡肌肉中共分离和鉴定出16种脂肪酸，其中饱和脂肪酸7种，包括月桂酸、豆蔻酸、十五烷酸、棕榈酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸和花生酸，其含量占总脂肪酸的38.55%；不饱和脂肪酸9种，包括11-十四碳烯酸、9-十六碳烯酸、9-十八碳烯酸、9，12-十八碳二烯酸、6，9，12-十八碳三烯酸、11-二十碳烯酸、10，13-二十碳二烯酸、7，10，13-二十碳三烯酸以及5，8，11，14-二十碳四烯酸，共含量占总脂肪酸的61.45%。

The results from electron micrographic analysis show that soot oxidation is influenced by aggregation and agglomeration of soot particulates, at the same time, the crystallograms show that the previous soot particle is non-crystal carbon, but in the latter conbustion period, a very small amount of crystal soot with unstable lattice at relatively higher flame temperature is formed. The crystallization happens greatly in period of combustion when temperature is relatively lower. The smoke particulates consist of crystal carbon similar to chaoite crystal latice and noncrystal carbon.

碳粒浓度和KL变化曲线表明预混合火焰中碳粒浓度远远小于扩散火焰，其原因在于不均匀的燃油—空气混合气结构在高温缺氧条件下产生大量碳粒，在温度峰值附近碳粒浓度亦达到峰值，其后迅速氧化，当温度低于2000°K时碳粒基本上不氧化，碳粒的电子显微分析表明碳粒的氧化受碳粒的集聚过程的影响，在燃烧初期碳粒是非晶体，碳粒的结晶在燃烧后期和排放过程中大量出现，排放碳烟微粒由晶体和非晶体碳组成。

CNTs were first pre-treated using acid solution (HNO3) to obtain CNTs functionalized with carboxylic groups. Subsequently, the stearyl alcohol was grafted onto CNT with the assistance of dehydrating agent, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide. Excellent dispersion in organic solvents such as acetone, THF, and chloroform was found for the modified CNTs (CNT-C18). In addition, the PBS/CNTs nanocomposites were then prepared through simple melt-blending. Mechanical properties, thermal behavior, conductivity of resultant polymer/CNT composites were investigated. The results show that excellent dispersion of nanotubes in the PBS matrices was achieved.

为了增加多壁奈米碳管在复合材料中的分散性，将碳管表面进行化学修饰，首先将多壁奈米碳管浸入HNO3溶液中，进行酸化，使碳管表面带有羧酸的官能基，然后再加入十八烷醇，在温和的条件下，藉由N，N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(N，N'-dicyclohexyl- carbodiimide，DCC)脱水剂脱水，使碳管和十八烷醇之间产生酯基的化学键结，改质后的碳管可以分散在acetone、THF、chloroform…等有机溶剂中，结果显示成功的利用DCC脱水剂完成碳管的改质。

Provided are carbide derived carbon materials prepared by thermochemically reacting carbide compounds and a halogen containing gas and extracting all atoms of the carbide compounds except carbon atoms, wherein the intensity ratios of the graphite G band at 1590 cm -1 to the disordered-induced D band at 1350 cm-1 are in the range of 0.3 through 5 when the carbide derived carbon is analyzed using Raman peak analysis, wherein the BET surface area of the carbide derived carbon is 1000 m 2 /g or more, wherein a weak peak or wide single peak of the graphite (002) surface is seen at 2 = 25 DEG when the carbide derived carbon is analyzed using X-ray diffractometry, and wherein the electron diffraction pattern of the carbide derived carbon is the halo pattern typical of amorphous carbon when the carbide derived carbon is analyzed using electron microscopy.

提供了得自碳化物的碳，其通过热化学反应碳化物化合物和含卤族元素的气体并提取除了碳原子之外的碳化物化合物的全部原子制备，其中当使用拉曼峰分析法分析该得自碳化物的碳时，在1590cm -1 的石墨G波段与在1350cm -1 的无序引发的D波段的强度比为0.3至5，其中该得自碳化物的碳的BET表面积是1000m 2 /g或更大，其中当使用X射线衍射法分析该得自碳化物的碳时，在2θ＝25°观察到石墨(002)面的弱峰或宽单峰，以及其中当使用电子显微法分析该得自碳化物的碳时，得自碳化物的碳的电子衍射图是代表无定形碳的晕图案。该发射体具有良好的均匀性和长寿命。可以使用比用于生产常规碳纳米管的方法更廉价的方法制备发射体。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。