碱金属

The effect factors of alkali metal migration and their reactions in the furnace were analyzed.

分析了影响碱金属迁移的因素及释放出来的气态碱金属在炉内的反应过程。

The Alkali Metal Thermal to Electricity Converter is a very new technology which being researched in the world.

碱金属热电直接转换技术AMTEC(theAlkaliMetThermaltoElectricityConverter)在世界范围内是一种正在研究的能量转换技术，它利用碱金属做工作物质。

In order to determine the influence of alkali metals on charge properties for new burdening,the reaction and distribution of alkali metals in Blast Furnace were presented.

为了解新配矿条件下碱金属对高炉炉料性能的影响，研究了碱金属在高炉内的反应及分配。

The invention relates to a continuous process for recovering caprolactam from aqueous caprolactam product, said aqueous caprolactam product comprising caprolactam, impurities, and water, said process comprising: adding alkali hydroxide to the aqueous caprolactam product, in an amount of not more than 100 mmol alkali hydroxide per kg of caprolactam; reacting at least part of the added alkali hydroxide to form alkali amino caproate, to obtain a caproate-enriched caprolactam product; and distilling the caproate-enriched caprolactam product at reduced pressure.

本发明涉及从含水己内酰胺产物中回收己内酰胺的连续方法，所述含水己内酰胺产物包括己内酰胺，杂质，和水，所述方法包括：以不超过100mmol碱金属氢氧化物/kg的己内酰胺的量将碱金属氢氧化物加入到含水己内酰胺产物中；让所添加的碱金属氢氧化物的至少一部分起反应，形成碱金属氨基己酸盐，以获得了富含己酸盐的己内酰胺产物；和减压蒸馏富含己酸盐的己内酰胺产物。

In addition, some modifications on several computational methods are also presented. Using LMTO method the electronic structure of several systems are studied, and some results are obtained. They are: The ideal Nb (100) surface has three surface states, the multi-layer relaxed surface has two surface states. The surface energy of the ideal surface is higher than that of the relaxed surface, that means that the multi-layer relaxed surface is more stable than the former one, which supports the LEED results. The mono-layer relaxed Ag (111) surface is the most stable one among several" stable surface models"presented by several researchers. The surface energy of Ag (111) surface is higher than that of surface Ag (001), which supports some experimental results such as different reaction rate at different surface orientations for the same material. The surafce states of Si (111) surface not only locate near the Fermi level, but also in the valence band, which agrees well with Cohen's conclusion. Si (111)-H is an effective model for analysing the surface states and H adsorbed on the back surface is a good method for improving the convincingness of the results obtained on thinner slab models. The surface stability depends on three different kinds of MoSi〓(001) surfaces, the surface with mono-layer Si is the most stable one, and the surface with Mo at the first layer is the most unstable one among them. These are consistant with the Kemoda's experimental results. The valence bands of clean or K adsorbed CdTe (111) surface agrees well with the synchrotron radiation studies. The surface of CdTe (111) consists of four kinds of surface models which show different surface electronic structures and different surface structure stabilities. The conclusion agrees well with Wu's experimental work. The different absorbed alkali metals on the CdTe (111) surface give different adsorption characteristics which have relations not only with the valence electrons, but also with the core ones of the alkali metals. The electonic structures of Si-C alloys are different from that of Si-Ge alloys, and the energy band gaps of Si-C alloys do not increase linearly with Carbon concentration, our conclusion supports Alexander's results, but conflicts with Soref's one.

现分述如下： LMTO方法及其应用方面：1）通过对Nb（100）表面电子态分析发现清洁理想表面有三个表面态，多层弛豫表面有两个表面态；表面能大小说明多层弛豫表面更稳定，支持了LEED结果。2）通过对采用不同方法获得的几种不同Ag（111）表面稳定结构的表面能计算分析，给出了单层弛豫表面为Ag（111）表面的最稳定结构；从Ag（111）单层弛豫表面和Ag（001）表面的表面能比较，发现了Ag（001）表面表面能要比Ag（111）小的，表明了同种物质不同表面取向将表现出不同物理、化学性质，这是与实验中得出的结论是吻合的，3）通过对Si（111）表面态分析，不仅发现了Si（111）表面不仅具有居于费米能级附近的悬挂键所对应的表面态，而且还有很多表面态位于价带能量范围内，与Cohen等结果一致，H饱和slab模型背表面相当于增加了slab层的厚度，是一有效的变相增加slab层厚的方法，弛豫表面较清洁理想表面价带谱们低能端的少许移动，预示着总能降低，说明弛豫表面较清洁理想表面稳定。4）MoSi〓具有三种表面，从费米能级上态密度值大小得到单层Si表面最稳定，Mo原子为表层原子的表面最不稳定，双层Si原子表面居中的结论，这与Kemoda等人实验结果是一致的。5）通过对CdTe（111）表面表面电子态、表面结构稳定性及表面H、碱金属吸附的电子结构系列研究，不仅得出了CdTe（111）清洁及碱金属K吸附价带谱与同步辐射光电子谱相吻合的结果，而且发现了CdTe（111）表面具有四类不同原子近邻特征，表现出四类不同的表面结构及电子结构特征：不同表面态分布、不同的表面结构稳定性（表层原子与次层原子成三键有一悬挂键的表面要比表层原子与次层原子成一键有三悬挂键稳定（与Wu等人实验结果一致））、不同的H吸附特性。

The preventive measures for the harmful defects of alkali metals are as follows: 1, reducing the alkali metals content in the raw materials; 2, increasing the MgO content of the sinter , decreasing the basicity of slag , decreasing the Si content of the pig iron, increasing relative slag volume; 3 , introducing prereduced ore pellets or partly reducted sinter; 4increasing the ability of coke resisting alkali metals; 5, using refractories that have the ability of resisting corrasion of alkali metals; 6 , cleaning the blast furnace periodically. The above recommendations are necessary for decreasing the circulation and accumulation of alkali metals effectively in blast furnace, reducing the harmful influence of alkali metals on blast furnace, increasing the smelting intensity, decreasing the coke rate, improving the gas permeability.

基于碱金属对高炉冶炼的上述危害，本文结合湘钢高炉的实际生产情况，通过理论分析、计算以及其他钢厂防治碱害的经验，提出防治高炉碱害的措施：1、减少入炉原、燃料的碱金属含量；2、提高烧结矿中的MgO含量、降低炉渣碱度、降低生铁含硅量、适当增加渣量；3、采用预还原的金属化球团或部分还原的烧结矿；4、提高焦炭的抗碱能力；5采用抗碱侵蚀的耐火材料；6、周期性性洗炉，以有效地减少碱金属在高炉内的循环富集，降低碱金属对高炉的危害，提高高炉的冶炼强度，降低焦比，改善高炉透气性。

The structure of Xe, evidenced by TEM and selected-area electron diffractionexperiments, was face centered cubic in an fcc matrix.

而经重辐照(包括γ射线，电子束及重粒子等)的碱卤晶体就会形成碱金属胶心，这种碱金属胶心有着与其所在碱卤晶体中碱金属离子相同的立方面心结构，而且其晶格参数与它所在的碱卤晶体相比只有很小的偏差。

" Alkali metal:Any of the six chemical elements in the leftmost group of the periodic table (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium)."

碱金属：碱金属是元素周期表中的Ia族元素，按原子序数增加的顺序排列为︰锂、钠、钾、铷、铯和。

Indices~ mP 0 and 1 were fitted, respectively, with the heat of formation,ionic hydration energy, lattice energy ,internuclear distance bond lengthof 20 kinds of alkali halides; with the lattice energy of 20 kinds of alkali-earth metal halides,with the ionic hydration heat of 51 kinds of metals, and with the ionic standard heat of formation of 80 kinds of i.

用mP的0和1阶指数分别与20种碱金属卤化物的生成焓ΔfH m、离子水化能ΔhG m、晶格能U1、气态碱金属卤化物核间距R0，20种碱土金属卤化物的晶格能U2，51种金属离子水合焓ΔhH m关联，拟合的回归方程的相关系数为m和80种离子标准生成焓ΔfH 0.9753(0.9834)、0.9761(0.9816)、0.9964(0.9986)、0.9967(0.9967)、0.9789(0.9890)、0.9901和0.9805，满足优级或良级标准。

Now some experimental values show that only in [111] direction the equilibrium position of alkali ion deviates from the center of interstice.

在此研究的基础上，作者进一步计算晶体中碱金属的平衡位置，现在已有的实验结果表明，在八面体空隙中，只在[111]方向，碱金属离子的平衡位置偏离空隙中心。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。