碎裂

The maximum run-out distance is 3200m. The three cases are studied from the Niuquangou rockslide-debris flow at the south west segment of the main seismic fault, the Chengxi rockslide at the middle segment of the main seismic fault and the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow at the north east segment of the main seismic fault.The three cases illustrates following common characteristics:(1)parent rockmass is broken under long geologic processing and weathered;(2) Rockmass was separately expanded and thrown under long-period strong ground vibration in which the vertical motion was predominant along the main seismic fault;(3)sliding mass was crashed at the exiting zone and transferred to fragment material;(4) The secondary landslide was triggered underneath the exiting zone due to the powerful crashing and shaving processes that provides more mass to debris body and cushion shape;(5) The a long run-out distance fragment flow is occurred under air layer lubrication. The air layer was pressed and turbulently flowed in the narrow-shaped valley, or laminarly flowed in the extensive flatland.

本文重点解剖了位于地震破裂带南西段的汶川映秀牛圈沟滑坡-碎屑流、位于地震破裂带中段的北川城西滑坡和位于地震破裂带北东段青川东河口滑坡-碎屑流3个典型实例，认为具有如下特征：1）岩性条件：母岩遭受长期构造动力作用，呈碎裂岩体，后期被强烈风化，岩体极为破碎；(2）抛掷效应：位于汶川地震主断裂带或附近，垂直加速度大于水平加速度，强地面运动持时长，岩体发生振胀和抛掷；3）碰撞效应：上部滑坡体发生高位剪出和高位撞击，致使岩体碎屑化；(4）铲刮效应：撞击作用导致下部山体被铲刮，形成次级滑坡，为碎屑流体提供了足够展翼和抛洒物源体积；5）气垫效应：碎屑化岩体快速抛掷导致下部沟谷空气迅速谷状圈闭和向下紊流，形成气垫效应，或者，在下部地形开阔地带压缩空气呈层流状态致使滑体凌空飞行。

Recent research progresses of behavior and mechanism about edge chipping were summarized, and edge spalling model, edge chipping by single indenter and edge chipping by scratch test were introduced, all of the merits and defects of them were evaluated, some issues need to be solved for them and some methods to prevent it taking place were presented.

综述了工程陶瓷边缘碎裂行为与机理的最新研究进展，详细阐述了工程陶瓷的边缘碎裂剥落模型、边缘碎裂单晶压头模型和边缘碎裂划痕模型，并对各模型的优缺点作了评价，提出了工程陶瓷边缘碎裂行为与机理研究中尚待解决的问题以及边缘碎裂预防措施。

Specimens were observed for fracture lines and crack initiation by somatotype microscope and scanning electronic microscopy.

用体式显微镜及扫描电镜连续观察样本裂缝发生情况，对未发生裂缝的样本施加载荷直至碎裂，分析碎裂载荷值。

And he said: Your pain is the breaking of the shell that encloses your understanding. Even as the stone of the fruit must break, that its heart stand in the sun, so must you know pain.

他说，你们的痛苦就是包裹你们的知识的壳的碎裂，即使那果实的核也要碎裂，那果心也终将挺立在阳光下，因此你们必然感受到痛苦。

Our petite 16-year-old daughter was lying on apavement in Enfield,north london,with a broken pelvis,ableeding face,torn little ears and a gashed underlip,herfront teeth smashed as a result of the car's bottom scrapingagainst her face.

我们那娇小可爱的16岁的女儿躺在伦敦北部恩菲尔德的人行道上，骨盆碎裂，满脸鲜血，耳朵和下唇撕裂。由于车尾刮了她的脸，使她的门牙碎裂。

Based on the results of underground observations and model tests of simulated materials of immediate roof, it is expounded that fragmented roof belongs in cataclastic rock mass,and its caving characteristics is clarified in this paper too.

本文根据直接顶岩体冒顶现场实测和相似模拟实验结果，阐明综采面破碎顶板的碎裂岩体属性与冒顶特征，并建立碎裂岩体冒顶力学模型，深入研究冒顶本质原因和控制原理。

The tectonic rocks along the fault zone are composed of cataclastic rocks and mylonites formed in higher, middle and lower temperature. Respectively, both of structural features and rocks have the features of multiple phase's of deformation. The deformation features of main minerals in the high temperature mylonites show that: the quartz has the form of long single crystal and the fabric feature of point maximum near X axis; the feldspar has the form of recrystallization assemblage, They present a high amphibolite-granulite facies with temperature ＞600℃ and depth ＞20km. The deformation features of mylonites formed in middle temperature show that: the quartz has the form of polycrystal banding and the fabric feature of point maximum near Y axis and small circle girdle with Y rotational axis; the feldspar has the form of a coremantle structure, They reflect a high greenschist-lower amphibolite facies with temperature from 400℃ to 600℃ and depth from 15km to 20km.

其中，高温糜棱岩主要矿物变形特征组合为：石英为长矩状或长条状单晶、组构为近X轴的点极密，长石为几乎完全重结晶的集合体，形成温度＞600℃，相当于高角闪岩—麻粒岩相，形成深度＞20km；中温糜棱岩主要矿物变形特征组合为：石英为多晶条带、组构为近Y轴点极密和以Y轴为旋转轴的小圆环带，长石发育核幔结构，形成温度为400～600℃，相当于高绿片岩—低角闪岩相，形成深度为15～20km；低温糜棱岩主要矿物变形特征组合为：石英发育核幔结构、组构特征为近Z轴点极密，长石以碎裂为主，形成温度＜400℃，相当于中低绿片岩相，形成深度为8～12km；碎裂岩则主要代表了地表浅层的变形。

However, collisional scattering of product ions in CID results in decrease in intensity of the primary product ion.

但胜肽利用碰撞引致裂解方法碎裂之后，母离子会平均碎裂成子离子，因而大幅减低子离子强度。

There existed very significant positive correlations among the fruit cracking rate, cracking index and the contents of souble solids,total sugar,deoxidize sugar,fructose and sucrose and the activities of PPO,PAL;and very significant negative correlation among the fruit cracking rate,cracking index and the contents of protopectin and Ca.

果面碎裂裂果率、果面碎裂裂纹指数同苹果果实的可溶性固形物、总糖、还原糖、果糖、蔗糖均呈极显著的正相关；同PPO、PAL的酶活性也呈极显著的正相关；与果皮的果胶含量、Ca含量呈极显著的负相关。

Specimens were observed for fracture lines and crack initiation by somatotype microscope and scanning electronic microscopy. The unfractured part was loaded in compression till crack, and the maximal failture loads were recorded and analyzed.

用体式显微镜及扫描电镜连续观察样本裂缝发生情况，对未发生裂缝的样本施加载荷直至碎裂，分析碎裂载荷值。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷