碎石路

The adoption of stone matrix asphalt SMA-16 ,with SBS modified bitumen ,in the pavement course on Shen-Da Freeway rebuilding is one important decision based on scientific experiment and characteristics of shenda highway rebuilding itself .It is not only suit heavy traffic and difference in temperature variety the factor of etc. environment request road, but also to road usage function for anticatalyst and durability with enduring all having very big exaltation, guaranteeing the road.

沈阳至大连高速公路改扩建工程路面表面层采用沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料SMA- 16型(简称SMA - 16 )，沥青采用SBS改性沥青，是在科学试验的基础上，结合沈大路自身的特点所做的重大决策；它不仅适合沈大路交通量大、温差变化大等环境因素对路面的要求，而且对路面的抗滑性和耐久性均有很大的提高，保证了路面的使用功能。

Based on studying composition and intensity mechanism of cement stabilizing aggregate mixture, test considers that influencing factor that aggregate composition to pavement performance of mixture is primary.

在对水泥稳定碎石混合料的组成和强度形成机理分析的基础上，认为混合料的综合路用性能受集料组成结构的影响较为突出。

In addition, this paper probed technology of its construction and application effect on experimental section of Xiao-Xiang Freeway. The quantity of crack has been reduced obviously and it has better performance than cement hoggin.

此外，还进一步探讨了孝襄高速公路试验路用水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石材料的施工工艺与应用效果，通过观察发现该种基层材料的裂缝较水泥稳定碎石材料大大减少，具有很好的路用性能。

Objective To investigate and access the clinical technique and efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with pneumatic lithotripsy for upper urinary lithiasis treatment.

目的 探讨经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜碎石术治疗上尿路结石的临床疗效。

MPCNL to treat upper urinary lithiasis shows advantages of less blood loss, less operative trauma, and shorter postoperative recovery time.

经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜碎石术是治疗上尿路结石的理想方法，具有损伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点。

Connected with cross section patterns of freeway, the design method of drainable base course system and edge drainage system which meet to request are given too. The aggregate grading and mixture ratio of porous cement-treated macadam are obtained based on accurate survey on material properties and lots of laboratory experiments. After the construction of experiment road, a summary of mixing, spreading, roller compaction and maintenance process about subsurface drainage system is made, and the analysis on the cost of construction about drainable base course is also carried. According to the test of coefficient of permeability, porosity and strength of compression about local test samples and core samples, the paper concludes that main performance index of subsurface drainage system has achieved the design anticipated effect.

结合高速公路横断面型式，提出了适合要求的排水基层排水系统和边缘排水系统设计方案；在进行详细材料调查和大量室内试验的基础上，提出了多孔隙水泥稳定碎石基层的集料级配和混合料配合比；修建了路面内部排水系统试验路，根据试验路工程的施工情况，对路面内部排水系统施工的拌和、摊铺、碾压和养护工艺进行了总结；并对排水基层造价进行了分析；通过对现场取样试件、芯样的渗透系数、孔隙率和抗压强度的测试，证明路面内部排水系统的主要性能指标均达到了设计预期的效果。

In this text, on the base of gradation design, the pavement performances of lime-fly ash stabilized aggregates and lime-fly ash mortar under controlling fine aggregates gradation are studied, and contrasted with the mixtures which are under uncontrolling fine aggregates gradation, including mechanical performance, stableness, anti-brushing performance, the anti-crack performance, and drawing the conclusion of controlling fine aggregates gradation.

在配合比设计的基础上，研究了控制细集料级配的二灰砂浆和二灰碎石混合料的力学性能、稳定性能，以及二灰碎石的抗收缩性能、抗冲刷性能，并与不控制细集料级配的二灰砂浆和二灰碎石混合料的路用性能进行了对比，得出实际施工中应控制细集料级配的结论。

Authors designed four mixtures of dense-graded asphalt stabilized macadam base with the method recommended by Technical Specifications for Construction of Highway Asphalt Pavement, Superpave design method, coarse aggregate voids filling method and Bailey method separately, and determined the pavement performances of asphalt stabilized macadam base mixture under the optimal oil-stone rate which include resistance capacity to vertical deformation and fatigue. Then, four design methods were compared and appraised. Based on the above study, a new asphalt-stabilized macadam base mixture gradation design method-five control sieve design method was put forward.

分别采用现行规范推荐法、Superpave法、主骨架空隙体积填充法和贝雷法设计了4种密级配沥青稳定碎石基层混合料，然后采用力学指标设计法确定了所设计的4种级配沥青稳定碎石基层混合料的最佳油石比，并对最佳油石比下的沥青稳定碎石基层混合料进行了抗永久变形性能和抗疲劳性能等路用性能的研究；根据设计过程和设计结果对4种级配设计方法进行了比较评价，在此基础上提出了新的密级配沥青稳定碎石基层混合料的级配设计方法－五控制点级配设计方法。

Authors designed four mixtures of dense-graded asphalt stabilized macadam base with the method recommended by Technical Specifications for Construction of Highway Asphalt Pavement,Superpave design method,coarse aggregate voids-filling method and Bailey method separately,and determined the pavement performances of asphalt stabilized macadam base mixture under the optimal oil-stone rate which include resistance capacity to vertical deformation and fatigue.

分别采用现行规范推荐法、Superpave法、主骨架空隙体积填充法和贝雷法设计了4种密级配沥青稳定碎石基层混合料，然后采用力学指标设计法确定了所设计的4种级配沥青稳定碎石基层混合料的最佳油石比，并对最佳油石比下的沥青稳定碎石基层混合料进行了抗永久变形性能和抗疲劳性能等路用性能的研究；根据设计过程和设计结果对4种级配设计方法进行了比较评价，在此基础上提出了新的密级配沥青稳定碎石基层混合料的级配设计方法——五控制点级配设计方法。

Below the wearing surface is a layer if stone or gravel called the bass, and below this again there may be a further layer of stone called the sub-base, laid directly on the foundation.

紧贴于路表之下的碎石层，叫作基层。基层之下地基之上所铺设的碎石层，称为底基层。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。