碎石术

Methods Thirty-eight patients with complex nephrolithiasis were treated with pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy during pyelolithotomy, as well as lithotomy through ureteroscopy and pediatric cystoscopy.

对38例复杂性肾结石采用肾盂切开术中气压弹道碎石取石，输尿管镜、小儿膀胱镜取结石治疗。

Methods:the patients of 750 cases for ureterolith underwent ureteroscopic lithotomy and pressune orbit lithotripsy by using caudal anesthesia in outpatient the 11 cases ureterostensis were treated by watery capus expand,ureteroscopic hard expand and ureterotectomy by using of self-made electrode.Then,transurethral electro incisions of ureterocles were carried out for 2 patients.

在镜检室骶麻下行输尿管镜术加气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石750例；水囊扩张，输尿管镜硬性扩张与自制汽化电极切割输尿管疤痕，三者有机结合治疗输尿管狭窄11例，钩状电极加输尿镜取石治疗输尿管囊肿(并结石2例)7例。

Objective To study the operating managements and efficacy of the treatment for nephrolith by minimal invasive surgery.

目的探讨B超引导经皮内窥镜碎石取石术治疗肾结石的疗效及手术护理方法。

Methods Forty one patients with nephrolith were treated with ultrasound guided mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureterorenoscopic ballistic lithotripsy.

方法回顾性分析和总结41例肾结石病人进行B超引导经皮内窥镜碎石取石术的手术护理经过。

Methods A total of 45 patients with staghorn calculi underwent PCNL under ultrasound guidance. Among them, 13 patients had hydronephrosis and 32 had no hydronephrosis.

对45例鹿角形肾结石患者（肾结石伴积水者13例，无积水者32例）采用超声引导建立肾镜取石通道，行肾镜碎石取石术。

Methods From March 1992 to January 2005, there were 395 cases undergoing LCDET, involving choledochotomy, electrohydralic lithothipsy, dilation stenosis, stent placement and T-tube drainage.

从1992年3月～2005年1月，运用腹腔镜胆总管探查T管引流术的手术方式，包括胆总管切开，胆管镜取石，液电碎石，扩张狭窄，放置支架，T管引流，对395例病人进行治疗。

The treatment of upper urinary tract calculi by percutaneous nephrolithotomy using third generation Swiss Lithoclast Master appears to be safe and efficacious under ultrasound guidance. Abundant preoperative preparation,compact cooperation during surgery and strict postoperative management can improve successful rate.

超声引导经皮肾镜超声／弹道碎石取石术是治疗上尿路结石的安全、高效的方法；充分的术前准备、紧密的术中配合、严格的术后护理能有效提高治疗成功率。

Methods: 86 patients were given percutaneous nephrolithotomy using third generation swiss lithoclast master.told the patients to lie up after the skill,drink more water.strengthen the management of catheterization tube and kidney and make fistula,did the guidance before patients leaving hospital.

做好充分术前准备，经皮肾镜应用第三代超声／弹道碎石清石系统治疗上尿路结石86例，术后卧床休息，多饮水，加强肾造瘘管、导尿管的护理，做好出院指导。

Results The succeed rate of ESWL by one time was 85%, 12 cases were treated by second time with ESWL ,16 cases were treated by cutting open ureteral orifice with cystoscopy, 3 cases were treated by ureterolithotomy.

结果 一次性碎石成功率为85%（187/220），12例行二次碎石，16例行输尿管口扩张剪开术，3例行输尿管切开取石术。

With the scope stones were extirpated intraoperatively in 21/26 cases and post-operatively in 55/58 cases.

结果：术中碎石取石26例，一次性取净结石21例；术后经瘘道碎石取石58例，55例取净。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。