碎石

Objective: To evaluate the perioperative nursing of upper urinary tract calculi treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy using third generation Swiss Lithoclast Master under ultrasound guidance.

目的：探讨超声引导经皮肾镜应用第三代超声／弹道碎石清石系统治疗上尿路结石的护理措施。

The treatment of upper urinary tract calculi by percutaneous nephrolithotomy using third generation Swiss Lithoclast Master appears to be safe and efficacious under ultrasound guidance. Abundant preoperative preparation,compact cooperation during surgery and strict postoperative management can improve successful rate.

超声引导经皮肾镜超声／弹道碎石取石术是治疗上尿路结石的安全、高效的方法；充分的术前准备、紧密的术中配合、严格的术后护理能有效提高治疗成功率。

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy;Swiss Lithoclast Master;Upper urinary tract calculi;Nursing

经皮肾镜；超声／弹道碎石清石系统；上尿路结石；护理

Methods: 86 patients were given percutaneous nephrolithotomy using third generation swiss lithoclast master.told the patients to lie up after the skill,drink more water.strengthen the management of catheterization tube and kidney and make fistula,did the guidance before patients leaving hospital.

做好充分术前准备，经皮肾镜应用第三代超声／弹道碎石清石系统治疗上尿路结石86例，术后卧床休息，多饮水，加强肾造瘘管、导尿管的护理，做好出院指导。

ResultsAll calculi were fragmented with the ballistic Swiss Lithoclast, without scattered engorge and edema occurring in mucous membrane of bladder during lithotripsy.

方法选择良性前列腺增生伴膀胱结石患者49例，采用经尿道前列腺电切同时进行经尿道膀胱结石气压弹道碎石治疗。

Results All bladder stone were fragmented with the ballistic Swiss Lithoclast,The intraoperative hemorrhage was90-230ml with an average of140ml.The operation time was100-160min.One month lat-er,the IPSS score was14and the maximum urine flow rate was16.8ml.s.

结果 所有患者均一次性治疗成功，除碎石时膀胱粘膜有散在充血、水肿外，无膀胱穿孔发生，未见结石复发及尿失禁和尿道狭窄等并发症。

After 2 to 3 times of ESWL treatment with no therapeutic effect, we suggest using ureteroscopic air pressure missile lithoclasty.

经2、3次ESWL治疗结石无改变者，应改行输尿管肾镜气压弹道碎石术或开放手术治疗。

Methods From August 2007 to December 2009, 82 patients of bladder stones were treated with air pressure ballistic lithoclasty by resectoscopy.

2007年8月-2009年12月，经电切镜鞘途径气压弹道碎石治疗膀胱结石82例。

Methods From August 2007 to December 2009, 82 patients of bladder stones were treated with air pressure ballistic lithoclasty by resectoscopy.

2007年8月-2009年12月，经电切镜鞘途径气压弹道碎石治疗膀胱结石82例。结果所有患者均一次性完成手术，无结石残留，术中、术后无膀胱穿孔和水中毒等并发症。

Treatment of bladder stones with air pressure ballistic lithoclasty by cystoscopy or resectoscopy is simple and safe,being a kind of effective and minimal invasive technique for bladder stones.

结果 所有患者均一次性完成手术，无结石残留，术中、术后无膀胱穿孔和水中毒等并发症。结论经电切镜鞘途径气压弹道碎石治疗膀胱结石安全、疗效可靠、损伤小，是一种值得推广的高效微创技术。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。