碎屑的

By summarizing the futures of the relative permeability curve in low permeable reservoirs and study of the futures of relative permeability curve in lithic arenite which rock fragments are most come from tuff and lava, it is the reservoirs rock character, the type of detrital minerals, the degree of grains coarse and the lay out of clay mineral that are main influencing factors which influence the relative permeability curve.

本文在总结低渗透油藏油水相对渗透率曲线特征的基础上，对以火山岩、凝灰岩岩屑为主的岩屑砂岩相对渗透率曲线特征进行研究，并分析了其影响因素，研究表明低渗透储层的岩石学特征，碎屑颗粒的成份、结构，其表面的粗糙程度，及其粘土矿物的产状对相对渗透率曲线有明显的影响。

Meanwhile, the volcaniclastic rocks were modificated by the thermal fluid activity, for example, sericitization of plagioclase, chloritization of volcanic detritus in andesitic detris tuff; in the tufaceous mud, the thermal fluid activity accelerates "maturating" of the organic carbon by heating; and the trace elements show an anomaly in the wall rocks.

同时，受热流体活动的影响，热流体对火山碎屑岩具有一定改造作用，如在安山质岩屑凝灰岩中，斜长石绢云母化、火山岩岩屑绿泥石化明显；在凝灰质泥岩中，热流体对围岩中有机碳具有明显的"催熟"加热作用，微量元素则出现异常现象。

Results show that the Spiti shale in Zanskar terminated 15Ma later than that in southern Tibet, while the lowermost Cretaceous quartz sandstone in Zanskar appeared 18Ma later than that in southern Tibet. The age of volcanic sandstone in southern Tibet is very poorly time constraint and their deposition occurred somewhere within Berriasian～early Albian. In Thakkhola, the Chukh Group volcanic sandstone are of late Hauterivian-early Albian age (duration about 20Ma), while in Zanskar, the volcanic sandstones facies only appeared in Albian (duration of less than 10Ma). Therefore, it can be concluded that the onsets of both quartz sandstone and volcanic sandstone occurred earlier in eastern Tethys Himalayas than in western Tethys Himalayas .

侏罗纪末～白垩纪初印度大陆的北缘同时期存在大陆向上挠曲，导致陆源碎屑输入量的快速增加，石英砂岩广泛存在；早白垩世火山岩屑砂岩对应着的印度大陆北缘地层侵蚀加深，使得较深部的深成火山岩暴露并遭受侵蚀；石英砂岩和早白垩世岩屑砂岩所代表的印度大陆剥露时间在空间上的&东早西晚&，说明构造运动首先是从特提斯喜马拉雅的东部开始（大印度与澳大利亚的彻底分离），然后逐渐波及西部的，东西时间差为15～20Ma；由于地壳均衡作用，大陆分离后原先地壳挠曲转变为地壳下沉，发生强烈的构造沉降，故Albian之后沉积一套深水环境下的海绿石、磷酸盐和黑色页岩沉积。

Meanwhile, the volcaniclastic rocks were modificated by the thermal fluid activity, for example, sericitization of plagioclase, chloritization of volcanic detritus in andesitic detris tuff; in the tufaceous mud, the thermal fluid activity accelerates "maturating" of the organic carbon by heating; and the trace elements show an anomaly in the wall rocks.

同时，受热流体活动的影响，热流体对火山碎屑岩具有一定改造作用，如在安山质岩屑凝灰岩中，斜长石绢云母化、火山岩岩屑绿泥石化明显；在凝灰质泥岩中，热流体对围岩中有机碳具有明显的&催熟&加热作用，微量元素则出现异常现象。

Based on this idea, the author has chosen two typical loess sections of Luochuan, and Xifeng for this study, collected the successive loess columns; To probe the conditional experiments of BeO sample preparation and measurement, and improve the existing method; On the basis of the technology improvement, the author has finished 402 samples' BeO preparation and AMS measurement; Also at the same time, to separate quartz from samples at 1 cm interval for both Luochuan and Xifeng sections systematically, to carry out measurements of quartz grain-size, SUS, grey scale, carbonate content and bulk sample density; By using the grain size model, the author has set up the chronological framework for both Luochuan, and Xifeng sections and the time sequence of millennial scale abrupt climate events recorded in loess strata, and reconstructed the East Asian monsoon history over 130ka by using multi proxies; Finally, to discuss the possible mechanisms of palaeoclimatic changes tentatively.

详细地球科学的发展离不开高精度和高分辨率的研究。运用长寿命核素如〓Be作为环境过程的示踪，已成为不可替代的有效工具。本论文选择洛川、西峰两个典型的黄土剖面，连续采集柱状样；探索了BeO样品制备、测量的条件实验，改进了原有的方法，完成了402个BeO样品的制备和AMS测量；同时还系统地分离洛川、西峰剖面高分辨率（1cm）黄土、古土壤样品中的碎屑石英，测量了碎屑石英粒度，以及全样的磁化率、灰度、碳酸盐含量和容重等古气候代用指标；采用粒度年代模式建立了洛川剖面和西峰剖面的年代标尺，建立了黄土地层记录的千年尺度的气候突变事件的时间序列，多指标重建了最近130ka东亚季风变迁史；初步讨论了古气候变迁的可能机制。

Reefoid carbonate and siliciclasstic mixed sediments can be identified through components, in which both coral debris and terrigenous elastics account for 10%~50% respectively and other biogenic fragments are not counted.

礁源与陆源混合沉积的鉴别标志是珊瑚骨屑和岩屑各占10%~50%，其他生物碎屑不计。

The exposed massive cold-seep carbonates provided substrate for the encrustations of corals as well as coralline algae and might have played a crucial role in the initial development of coral reefs in a siliciclastic paleoenvironment of active tectonic setting. This is probable the first case of the world that cold-seep carbonates acting as initial colonization hardgrounds of hermatypic corals and corallines.

在此基底泥岩快速浅化的过程中，出露的块状冷泉碳酸盐岩成为不稳定地体构造背景中，珊瑚与珊瑚藻等表覆生物在矽质碎屑环境生长的硬底质，可能在礁体的最初发育扮演关键性的角色；此种冷泉碳酸盐岩成为造礁珊瑚与珊瑚藻在矽质碎屑古环境中最初生长硬底质的现象，很可能为世界首例。

As the years pass and layer on layer of rock fragments pile up, they are squeezed or compacted by the weight of the materials on top of them. Then sediments may be cemented together, forming the sedimentary rocks.

随着时间的流逝，岩石和矿物碎屑一层层地堆积起来，上覆岩屑物质的重量对下伏岩屑产生压实作用，然后沉积物被胶结在一起，最终形成沉积岩。

As the years pass and layer on layer of rock fragments pile up, they are squeeze d or compacted by the weight of the materials on top of them. Then sediments may be cemented together, forming the sedimentary rocks.

随着时间的流逝，岩石和矿物碎屑一层层地堆积起来，上覆岩屑物质的重量对下伏岩屑产生压实作用，然后沉积物被胶结在一起，最终形成沉积岩。

As the years pass and layer on layer of rock fragments pile up, they are squeezed or compacted by the weight of the materials on top of them. Then sediment s may be cemented together, forming the sediment ary rocks.

随着时间的流逝，岩石和矿物碎屑一层层地堆积起来，上覆岩屑物质的重量对下伏岩屑产生压实作用，然后沉积物被胶结在一起，最终形成沉积岩。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。