硬表面

The problem of misusing of coating categories that exists in current super-hard abrasive coating/deposition and their correlative product is analyzed.This article is divided into two parts. The methods, performances and applications of electroplating and chemical plating Ni, Cu and plating metal which partly uses physical means, and some coati...

本文由于篇幅问题分为两部分，在中主要介绍了超硬磨料表面电镀和化学镀镀覆Ni、Cu及部分利用物理方法镀覆Ti等金属的方法、性能及用途；在中介绍了超硬磨料表面镀覆Ti等强碳化物形成元素及刚玉等方法、性能及用途。

With the help of infrared spectroscopy, it is known that the linkage between dodecylamine and sodium oleate and diaspore, kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite is fundamentally electrostatic forces, which contributes to physical adsorption. The adsorption is related with surface electric property of minerals. The effect of chemical composition of diaspores on their electrokinetics was investigated.

对于一水硬铝石矿物来说，三个主要晶面（010）、（100）和（001）上的单位面积断裂键数有如下关系：〓；一水硬铝石表面吸附的动力学模拟可以说明，一水硬铝石的（010）晶面、（100）晶面和（001）晶面，分别吸附几种捕收剂离子的吸附能大小为：（010）晶面的吸附能＞（100）晶面的吸附能＞（001）晶面的吸附能；分别吸附这些药剂离子的单位面积吸附量〓的大小顺序为：（010）晶面＞（100）晶面＞（001）晶面。

Each starch reagent has its own mode of action on mineral surface, such as primary starch mainly by hydrogen bond, cationic starch by the co-action of hydrogen bond and electrostatic force (for minerals with negative charge on its surface), while carboxymethyl starch, hydroxamic acid starch and dialdehyde starch principally by chemical force accompanied with hydrogen bond and electrostatic force in part. Such chemical forces ensure the close adsorption of reagent on diaspore surface and enforces the hydrophilic of mineral surface. Also the branched chain enable the starch to cover the collector adsorbed on mineral surface, so as to depress diaspore furthermore.

不同淀粉药剂在矿物表面表现不同作用，原淀粉主要是氢键的作用，阳离子淀粉是氢键和静电力的共同作用，羧甲基淀粉、羟肟酸淀粉和双醛淀粉离子性药剂与矿物间的作用除了氢键、静电力外，更重要的是与矿物表面金属离子间产生的化学作用，使药剂能牢固地吸附在一水硬铝石矿物表面，增加矿物表面的亲水性，同时，淀粉支链结构的存在，使它能够掩盖吸附的捕收剂，达到抑制一水硬铝石的目的。

Differences of wettability and floatability between diaspore and aluminium silicate minerals are due to the differences of crystal structure between diaspore and aluminium silicate minerals, and of the part Al-O, Si-O bonds, and the metal ions on the surface of the minerals.

一水硬铝石与铝硅酸盐脉石矿物晶体结构的差异、表面断裂的Al-O和Si-O键及表面离子活性区的差别，可影响矿物表面的润湿性与可浮性，类质同象及各种晶格杂质离子也将影响浮选剂与矿物表面的相互作用和矿物可磨性。

Aim: To evaluate the surface hardness and abrasion resistance of die stone model with the application of a new gypsum surface hardener.

目的：测定涂布超硬石膏表面硬化剂有机硅树脂前后石膏模型的表面硬度和抗磨损性能，为该石膏表面硬化剂的临床应用提供依据。

On the basis of establishing planar cutting model and cutting equation, through analyzing the rigidity of technical system infrequency chart, change cutting coefficient and the angle of cutter etc, emphasis measuring and analyzing hard turning 45 hardened steel the damaged layer of finished surface cutting force the roughness on finished surface and researching on the mechanism of wear and damage of cutter.

在分析二元切削模型和切削方程的基础上，进一步研究了切削变形及其影响机理；通过工艺系统刚性的频谱分析，改变切削用量、刀具几何参数等因素，测量并分析研究了精切淬硬钢的切削力、已加工表面粗糙度、加工硬化及表面残余应力及刀具的磨损情况，基本形成了精加工45~#淬硬钢的切削基础理论。

TEM shows that drying by direct heating might result in hard aggregation of the tourmaline powder, while hard aggregation might be avoided by azeotropic distillation. Raman spectroscopy reveals that there are O_H and C_H on the surfaces of the tourmaline powder obtained by azeotropic distillation, which indicates that butoxy is chemically adsorbed on the surfaces of tourmaline particles, but not adsorbed on those formed by direct drying. X_ray powder diffraction shows that the intensity of diffraction peaks decreases after grinding. There is no damage to the tourmaline crystal lattice in the process of direct heating, azeotropic distillation, or ultrafine grinding.

透射电镜分析结果表明，直接加热脱去水或正丁醇会使电气石超细颗粒发生硬团聚，而共沸蒸馏法则可有效防止硬团聚的产生；拉曼光谱结果表明，共沸蒸馏法制备的电气石粉末表面存在O—H和C—H键，说明正丁醇在颗粒表面为化学吸附，而直接干燥法得到的电气石粉末表面则没有；X射线粉晶衍射结果表明，研磨过程降低了粉末衍射峰的强度，但直接加热干燥和共沸蒸馏干燥均未破坏电气石的晶格结构。

Mm. 7.5.3 Requirements for quality of weld joint's surface: a No crack, not fusional, bubble, slag, splash; b Surface of seam of pipeline with design temperature lower than -29℃, stainless steel pipeline and alloy steel pipeline with trend of harden quenching shall be free from undercut.

The surface shall be smooth 7.5.3 焊接接头表面的质量应符合下列要求： 28 SH 3501-2002 a 不得有裂纹，未熔合，气孔，夹渣，飞溅存在； b设计温度低于-29℃的管道，不锈钢和淬硬倾向较大的合金钢管道焊缝表面，不得有咬边现象；其他材质管道焊缝咬边深度不应大于 0.5mm，连续咬边长度不应大于 100mm，且焊缝两侧咬边总长不大于该焊缝全长的 10%； c 焊缝表面不得低于管道表面，焊缝余高Δh 应符合下列要求： 1 100%射线检测焊接接头，其Δh≤1+0.2b1，且不大于 2mm； 2 其余的焊接接头，Δh≤1+0.2b1，且不大于 3mm。

The adopted preparation method comprises the following steps: paper fibre or porous organism is used as a hard template; CoFeFe-LDH is synthesized in the surface and holes of the hard template and roasted to prepare the magnetic cobalt iron ferrite; as the function for fixing the houghite position is produced by the obstruction and adsorption of the hard template, the occurrence of the sintering phenomenon is greatly avoided, thereby preparing the magnetic cobalt iron ferrite with a consistent shape and even granularity.

所采用的制备方法是以纸纤维或多空有机物为硬模板、在硬模板表面及孔内合成Co 2 Fe 2 Fe 3 -LDH，再经焙烧得到磁性钴铁铁氧体，由于硬模板的阻隔和吸附而产生的水滑石位置固定作用，极大地避免了烧结现象发生；从而得到形状一致、粒度均匀的钴铁铁氧体。

The effects of sodium silico-fluoride on the zeta-potential, hydrophility and adsorption of styryl phosphonic acid of diaspore particle surfaces have been systematically studied.

系统研究了氟硅酸钠对一水硬铝石表面ζ电位、亲水程度及苯乙烯膦酸吸附的影响，提出了苯乙烯膦酸浮选金红石与一水硬铝石时氟硅酸钠对一水硬铝石的选择性抑制作用机理。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。