硬膜

In the New York cluster, all three patients received combined spinal-epidural anesthesia from the same anesthesiologist who was masked at the time of the procedures and from whom S. salivarius was not subsequently isolated, based on the results of an investigation by the hospital and the state department of health, the authors wrote, noting also that samples of the anesthetic medication were negative for bacteria by culture and 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis.

在纽约州的群体中，所有3例患者均接受由同一名麻醉师进行的联合脊髓硬膜外麻醉操作，根据其所在医院和州卫生部的调查结果，在进行操作时该麻醉师佩戴了面具，并且后来未从其身上分离出唾液链球菌，作者写道，并指出麻醉剂样品培养和16S核糖体DNA序列分析均显示细菌阴性。

Puncturing through inside edge of joint is shorter way,the puncturing and anatomic position are complex,operating technique is difficult.

经小关节内侧缘到侧隐窝路径短，但解剖复杂，操作技术有难度；经骶裂孔硬膜囊前间隙法路径长，穿刺及解剖并不复杂，是操作简单的有效方法。

Objective: To investigate the influence of biorhythm on the time-effect of epidural lidocaine.

目的：观察生物节律对硬膜外利多卡因作用时效的影响。

Biorhythm can lead to great influence on the time-effect of epidural lidocaine.

生物节律对硬膜外利多卡因作用时效有显著影响。

Methods Ten mature Wistar rats were divided into normal control group (5 rats) and adenovirus (E1, E3-Deleted and carried math1 and enhanced green fluorescent protein report gene, Ad-Math1-EGFP) scala vestibuli transfer group (5 rats). Right ears of the Ad-Math1-EGFP transfering group rats were deliveried 5μl Ad-Math1-EGFP (physical tite 2.1×10^11v.p./ml) into cochleas through the way of drilling scala vestibuli of cochlear basal turn. As a control, the normal group received nothing to inner ear. In order to estimate functional condition of vestibule and cochlea, the click-evoked potentials on the surface of the cervical dura mater, auditory brain stem response and swimming time were recorded in all rats at 7 days after treatment, and then histologic and morphologic observation were carried out after animals were sacrificed. Results All animals' morphologic observation showed that inner ear hair cells were normal after transfer.

将10只成年Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组和缺失E1、E3基因片段且构建有Math1基因和绿色荧光蛋白报告基因的复制缺陷型腺病毒(adenovirus-Math1-enhanced green fluorescence protein， Ad-Math1-EGFP)前庭阶导入组，每组5只，实验组大鼠在右耳通过耳蜗底回前庭阶打孔的方法导入物理滴度为2.1×10^11v.p/ml的上述腺病毒5μl，对照组大鼠不做任何处理。7天后对动物进行颈髓硬膜外短声诱发电位(click-evoked potentials on the surface of the cervical dura mater， CDM-CEP)、听性脑干反应阈值检测和游泳试验，评价前庭和耳蜗功能，然后将动物处死进行组织形态学观察。

Dynamic distribution (1)After having been given the epidural anesthesia with 15mg/kg weight of lidocaine hydrochloride, the dogs were found that the concents in spinal cord(156.38±17.3 ug/g) was highest than other organ after administration for 15 min, the conecents were down-regulated in a time dependent manner.

动态分布研究 2.1 1倍麻醉极量利多卡因在硬膜外麻醉犬体内的动态分布给药后不同时间点犬体内利多卡因分布趋势一致，均为先升高，达到峰值后下降。

Methods: Under peridural anesthesia, the right rectus incision was adopted. First, the vessels in lesser curvative of stomach was amputated and ligated. Second, splenic artery was ligated to deflate spleen .Then ,splenic artery and renal vein were amputated and side-to-side anastanosised with each other. Result: Of the 36 cases,the portal free pressure decreased by different degree in 23 cases, unchanged in 10,and increased in 3 postoperatively. The follow-up ranged from 1 to 5 years.

在硬膜外麻醉下经右腹肌切口进腹、采用先作胃小弯的血管彻底离断，再结扎脾动脉、使脾脏缩小后，而后分离出脾静脉和肾静脉进行端侧吻合，结果：36例中23例病人吻合后测得门脉自由压均较分流前有不同程度的降低，10例门脉自由压未变化。3例高于分流前压力。

Infants exposed to epidurals were significantly more likely to receive bottle supplements.

进行了硬膜外止痛产下的婴儿明显有更大的接受奶瓶补充喂食的可能性。

In this study, we assessed the accuracy and precision of thetransverse approach, using a "single-screen" method, to facilitatelabor epidurals.

在本研究中我们评估了横向超声单屏显像的方法在分娩硬膜外定位中的精度和准度。

Lower back tattoo designs and epidurals - Lower back tattoo designs are extremely popular among young women.

下背部纹身图案及硬膜外-下背部纹身图案都是非常受欢迎的女青年。

I urge any American living outside the country to get an early start checking his/her registration and receiving an absentee ballot, because it can take a while.

我奉劝身在国外的所有美国人早点着手核对登记表，并接收缺席选举人票，因为这得花点时间。

He is too young to join the army.

他太年轻了，还不能参军。