硬膜

A 39-year-old man presented with headache,weight loss, bilateral subdural hematomas,pansinusitis, and visual loss.

报道一例39岁男性患者，因头痛、体重下降、视力下降等症状，以双侧硬膜下血肿和全鼻窦炎首诊入院。

Results:Out of the nine tuberculose patients,six healed after second operation,one sinus formation,two died.Out of the two disruption of wound,one was re-sutured and healed,the other healed after a long term of dressing changing.Seven infectious incision were controlled within one month.Out of the nine cerebrospinal fluid fistulae,eight were cured conservatively,only one spinal meninges was repaired.One epidural hematoma was cleared and made a good healing.Out of the two mold infection,one was cured after focal clearing,the other developed to chronic recurrent sinusitis.Four patients with sore healed after decompression.The other eight patients (four by hemostasis narcotic,two by liquefied fat,two by dermal allergic papular eczema) had good healing after intra-red therapy.

结果：9例结核患者再次手术后6例愈合，1例窦道形成，2例死亡；切口裂开2例中1例经切口再缝合愈合良好，另1例经10个月长期换药切口愈合；7例切口感染者均在1个月内控制感染；9例脑脊液漏，其中8例经保守治疗愈合，1例行脑脊膜再次修补术；1例硬膜外血肿清除后愈合良好；霉菌感染2例，其中1例经病灶清除后切口愈合，另1例演变成复发性窦道炎；4例压疮去除压迫后溃疡愈合；另外8例切口延迟愈合者中止血水引起者4例，脂肪液化2例，皮肤过敏2例，均经红外线照射后切口愈合。

RESULTS: Continuous paravertebral block was as effective asthoracic epidural analgesia with local anesthetic but wasassociated with a reduced incidence of hypotension.

结果：持续的椎旁阻滞和硬膜外的局麻药镇痛同样有效，并且能降低低血压的发生率。

Venous flow was redirected mainly via enlarged lumbar epidural, ascending lumbar, and paravertebral veins.

静脉回流已经重新经由扩张的腰部硬膜外，上行于腰动脉以及椎旁血管。

Results:According to their anatomic location and vascular morphology,there were SDAVF in 3 cases,giant perimedullary AVF in one and intramedullary AVM in two.

结果：根据病变位置和血管形态、血流动力学改变，本组有3例符合硬膜动静脉瘘，1例为髓周的巨大AVF，2例为髓内型。

Results: According to their anaomic location and vascular morphology, there were SDAVF in 3 cases, giant Perimedullary AVF in one and intramdullare AVM in tWo.

结果：根据病变位置和血管形态、血流动力学改变，本组有3例符合硬膜动静脉瘘，l例为髓周的巨大AVF，2例为髓内型。

objective to explore the related factors of recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma after neurosurgery.methods the related aspects that affected the recurrence in 113 cases with chronic subdural hematomas after neurosurgery were reviewed,and the factors were evaluated by the medical literature.results 5 patients recured after neurosurgery,and 1 patient died.rate of recurrence and death were 4.4% and 0.9% respectively.conclusion age,abnornmal blood coagulation mechanism,density,pneumatosis and drainage volume would affect the prognosis.

目的 探讨影响慢性硬膜下血肿（chronic subdural hematoma，csdh）术后复发的因素。方法回顾2003～2004年本院手术治疗的113例csdh患者，并结合有关文献进行相关分析。结果术后复发5例，死亡1例，复发率和死亡率分别为4.4%和0.9%。复发的5例患者平均年龄69.6岁。其中因服用抗凝剂复发1例，因术后大量颅内积气复发1例，高密度复发1例，等密度到混杂密度复发2例。结论患者的年龄、凝血机制异常、血肿的密度、术后积气和引流量的多少影响csdh患者的预后。

Methods: 80 postcesarean patients requested for analgesia were divided randomly into PCIA group and PCEA group.

目的：对剖宫产术后患者采用患者自控静脉镇痛与患者自控硬膜外镇痛的效果和不良反应进行比较分析。

Recently, compression of peripheral nerve roots due to enlarged epidural venous plexus has been described as a possible cause of back and radicular pain, too.

近来，由于硬膜外静脉丛曲张导致外周神经根的压迫也被认为是引起背痛和神经根痛的一个可能的原因。

Conclusion. The authors believe that epidural venous enlargements should be considered as a cause of radicular and/or back pain in patients with anomalies of the inferior vena cava, because pathologic processes compressing nervous structures can cause pain.

作者认为硬膜外静脉曲张应该视为下腔静脉异常的病人神经根痛和/或背痛的一个原因，因为病态的突起压迫神经结构会导致疼痛。

We are in a real jam.

我们的麻烦大了。

Hey, it's Ahmet from India, that foreign exchange guy.

看，那是印度的阿曼特，国际交换生