硬膜

The location, shape, signaland the effect to the nearby tissues in MRI of the lesion,symptomatic spinal epidural lipomatosis have its own rules and MRI ex-amination is one of the better means in providing information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

特发性椎管内硬膜外脂肪增多症的MRI在病灶的部位、形态、信号及其对周围组织的影响等方面均有规律可循，且MRI优于其它影像学检查，为临床诊断及治疗提供依据。

The lumbosacral subdural space is most commonly affected.

腰骶部的硬膜下腔是最常见的累及部位。

T1 hyperintensity or multisegmental involvement may also be a clue in the differential diagnosis of a spinal epidural hemangioma.

T1序列上高信号或多节段累及可能是硬膜外血管瘤鉴别诊断的线索之一。

In this study we investigated the use of ultrasound indetecting neuraxial structures during insertion and placementof EC in children.

在这项研究中，作者研究了超声在儿童硬膜外导管置入和安放中探查神经轴索结构的作用。

Result Among these patients, one patient with cerebellum swelling died after operation, among 6 cases of re-bleeding in-situ after acoustic neurinoma operation one died even after re-operation. All other patients were cured.

结果 术后小脑肿胀1例经抢救无效死亡；听神经瘤手术后瘤腔再出血6例中，1例经抢救无效死亡，另外5例经急诊手术血肿清除治愈；2例听神经瘤手术后幕上硬膜外血肿经急诊血肿清除治愈；脑脊液耳鼻漏3例、脑脊液切口漏17例、颅内感染8例、复视1例、带状疱疹6例、吞咽呛咳4例均经对症处理后预后良好。

Objective: Lumbar Disc Herniation is a syndrome involving lumbago , stock and sciatic neuralgia which are caused by putamen sack or spinal nerve root oppressed by prominent nucleus pulposus broken into neurocanal through the textile fiber link .

目的： 腰椎间盘突出症(Lumbar Disc Herniation，LDH)是指腰椎间盘纤维环破裂致髓核突出，突入椎管，压迫硬膜囊或脊神经根，引起腰痛、股神经或坐骨神经痛为主的一组综合症候群。

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of high thoracic epidural blockade on patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy by detecting heart rate variability , arrhythmias, neurohumoral factors, mortaliity of DCM patients and apoptosis in dilated cardiomyopathy mouse.

目的 研究高位硬膜外阻滞对原发性扩张型心肌病患者心率变异性、心律失常、神经内分泌细胞因子、病死率的影响，对扩张型心肌病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的作用，旨在探讨该方法治疗原发性扩张型心肌病的疗效及机制。

Methods Eighty healthy nulliparous parturients scheduled for patientcontrolled epidural analgesia in labour, were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=20) according to different infusion speed:group I with a speed of 4 ml/h, group II with 6 ml/h, group III with 8 ml/h, group IV with 10 ml/h.

对80 例行自然分娩的单胎足月初产妇，均采用硬膜外自控分娩镇痛，根据不同背景输注速率随机分为四组，A组输注速率为4 ml/h，B组为6 ml/h，C组为8 ml/h，D组为10 ml/h。

Methods: Thirty ASA I nulliparous women were administered 10 ml bolus of epidural ropivacaine in the first stage of labor. A concentration of 0.5% ropivacaine was applied to the first woman, and the dosage to the next one was up-regulated or down-regulated one level in accordance to the previous woman's response to the concentration.

选择30例单胎足月初产妇，在进入第一产程活跃期时行硬膜外给予罗哌卡因10ml，第1例罗哌卡因的浓度为0.5%，下一产妇的药物浓度根据前一产妇有无运动阻滞情况来上调或下调1个浓度级。

MRI in CSM group, however, showed different degrees of disc herniation and formation of osteophyma with membranous sac and spinal cord compression.

结果 非CSM者MRI表现出椎间盘变性或轻度突出、骨赘形成但不构成对脊髓压迫；CSM病例表现不同程度椎间盘突出、椎体后缘骨赘形成及硬膜囊和脊髓受压，其中69例（86.25%）脊髓受压，11例(13.75%)脊髓受压变性。

We are in a real jam.

我们的麻烦大了。

Hey, it's Ahmet from India, that foreign exchange guy.

看，那是印度的阿曼特，国际交换生