硬膜

To describe a case of intradural metastasis from a renal cell carcinoma spread to the cauda equina, and review the pertinent medical literature.

目的：描述一例肾细胞癌有脊髓硬膜内转移至马尾的病例，并回顾相关医学文献。

The authors reviewed 10 years of data obtained in patients who underwent cervical laminectomy without fusion for intradural tumor resection and who had normal spinal stability and alignment preoperatively.

作者回顾了近10年的硬膜内肿瘤切除术颈椎椎板切除后未行融合术的病人且术前病人脊椎稳定性与对位正常。

Magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar spine revealed an intradural oval mass at the level of his 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae.

病患的腰椎脊髓摄影及磁振造影显示：腰椎第二和第三节间有一卵圆形硬膜腔内肿瘤。

In particular,peripheral contrast enhancement with separations of an intradural extramedullaty tumor on MRI will suggest the diagnosis of schwannoma.

椎管内髓外硬膜下神经鞘瘤的MRI特征，有助于椎管肿瘤的鉴别诊断，尤其是伴有瘤内分隔性周围强化，应提示神经鞘瘤。

Thirty-two patients (mean age 41 ± 17 years) underwent cervical laminectomy without fusion for resection of an intradural tumor (18 intramedullary and 14 extramedullary).

硬膜内肿瘤切除（髓内18个、髓外14个）颈椎椎板切除后没有行融合术的32位病人（平均年龄41 ± 17岁）。

Myelography with contrast media or CT scan with metrizamide is essential to detect intradural and intramedullary tumors.

持续性两侧小腿疼痛而无背痛病史，也提示为脊柱肿瘤，用造影剂作脊髓X线造影或用甲泛影酰胺作CT扫描探查硬膜内或脊内肿瘤是来可少的。

Conclusion. Although the majority of cauda equina tumors are primary tumors, intradural metastasis should be considered before surgery in patients with previously treated renal cell carcinoma

尽管大多数马尾肿瘤为原发性肿瘤，如果病人原先有肾细胞癌治疗史时术前应考虑硬膜内转移。

Routine MR imaging can diagnose the majority of intradural extramedullary tumors.Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging are helpful in the histologic diagnosis and assessment of tumors vascularity.

常规MRI能鉴别大多数髓外硬膜下肿瘤的性质，动态增强MRI有助于肿瘤定性诊断和肿瘤富血管度的评价。

Persistent bilateral leg pain with no history of back pain also suggests spinal tumor. Myelography with contrast media or CT scan with metrizamide is essential to detect intradural and intramedullary tumors.

持续性两侧小腿疼痛而无背痛病史，也提示为脊柱肿瘤，用造影剂作脊髓X线造影或用甲泛影酰胺作CT扫描探查硬膜内或脊内肿瘤是来可少的。

In the authors' experience with intradural cervical tumor resection, patients presenting with myelopathic motor symptoms or those undergoing a ≥ 3-level cervical laminectomy had an increased likelihood of developing subsequent symptomatic instability requiring fusion.

据作者经验，硬膜内颈部肿瘤切除在伴有髓性运动症状或椎板切除≥ 3节的病人中伴发颈椎不稳并需行融合手术的可能性增加。

If you are committed to an education career, then the Master of Arts in Education from Ashford University is for you.

如果你是致力于教育事业，那么，艺术教育硕士学位阿什福德大学是给你的。

objective:to explore the expression of survivin protein and its mrna in rectal cancer and their clinic significance.

目的：研究凋亡抑制因子survivin蛋白及其mrna在直肠癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理关系。