硬化体

The results show that the microstructures of these three kinds of coating are different from those of the matrix (20 steel). The wear resistance of the flame spray coating is 4. 9 times that of the matrix. This is caused by the existance of hard noncrystal microparticals. The wear resistance of the coating by flame spray welding is 6. 3 times that of the matrix. The reason is that the fine crystal grains can be formed and the solution strengthening, dispersion hardening can be induced by these alloy elements. The resistance of the laser remelt coating is 8. 8 times that of the matrix. This is due to the solution strengthening, dispersion hardening and the existence of very hard dendritic crystal, eutectic and martensite in the microstructure.

作者指出，喷涂层由于层内有一定数量高硬度的合金非晶质点存在，其耐磨性是钢基体的4.9倍；喷熔层内合金晶化产生的晶粒细小，合金元素能起固溶强化作用，也能生成化合物产生弥散硬化作用，故此耐磨性是钢基体的6.3倍；激光涂敷层除所含合金元素产生的固溶强化和弥散硬化作用外，表层组织为高硬度的枝晶+共晶和马氏体，故其耐磨性是钢基体的8.8倍。

The fragment fell from the roll is the hardening layer, and the micrograph of its surface, its middle area and its bottom are martensite, sorbite, and troostite respectively.

剥离块为辊身的硬化层，硬化层外表为马氏体，中部为索氏体，硬化层的底部组织为屈氏体。

The experiments show that the remelting hardening layer consists of melting zone, quenching zone and heat affected zone. From surface to internal, the respective microstructures are extremely small hidden-crystal martensite and a few residual austenites, hidden-crystal martensite and carbides and residual austerite, martensite and backfire troostite and ferrite.

实验表明：熔凝硬化层由熔化区、相变硬化区和热影响区组成；由表及里组织分别为极细隐晶马氏体＋少量残余奥氏体、隐晶马氏体＋碳化物＋残余奥氏体、马氏体+回火屈氏体+铁素体。

The hypercholesterolemic rats were selected to imitate early stage of human atherosclerosis The effects and mechanism of n-3 PUFA on endothelium were investigated with the following parameters: the morphological appearance and arrangement of endothelium stained by Ag, in vitro endothelium-dependentrelaxation of aortic ring, endothelial permeability test using Even′s Blue, blood lipid and body weight in one-week intervals, excitative and emissive spectrum of RBC membrane labeled by DPH (1, 6-Diphenyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene), fluidity of RBC membrane, plasma and RBC membrane LPO

在整体和离体水平，选用大鼠高脂血症模型模拟动脉粥样硬化早期状况。用114只大鼠多指标着重研究n-3多不饱和脂肪酸在高脂血症状态下对内皮的保护作用，以探讨其预防动脉粥样硬化的机理。所采用指标包括：浸银法观察内皮细胞排列与形态；离体血管环观察内皮依赖性舒张；伊文氏蓝染料法观察内皮通透性。为探讨作用机理，进行了血脂和体重的动态监测、DPH(1，6-二苯基-1，3，5，乙三烯)标记红细胞膜的荧光光谱测定、红细胞膜流动性测定、血浆和红细胞膜脂质过氧化物测定。

The molecule mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis is related with the channel of regulating PPARγ. As a new and higher specificity PPARγ excitomotory, Maixinkang is anticipated to supply more effective treatments for anti-atherosclerosis and lipid anomal-metabolism.

其抗动脉粥样硬化作用的分子机制与过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γ调控途径有关，有望成为中医药领域中新的、特异性较高的过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γ激动剂，为抗动脉粥样硬化和脂代谢异常提供更佳的药物选择。

Cases healthy subjects served as control. In addition, density of glomerular matrix membrane and quantity of cell in glomeruli were measured with CMIAS image analysis system by computer. Global sclerosis, cellular crescents, fiber or fibrocellular crescents were measured with Memphis scope. Tubulointerstitial lesions were examined with semi-quantitative grades (including O-III grades).Results Compared to normal control, there was a significant increase of urinary TGF-betaK IL-6 and Col-lV levels in patients with IgAN (p. 01). There were also significantly positive correlation between the levels of urinary TGF-betaK Col-IV and density of glomerular matrix membrane ., interstitial fibrosisp.

采用酶联免疫吸附法测定尿TGF-β1(Transforming growth factor-β1)、尿IL-6(interleukin-6)和尿Col-Ⅳ(type Ⅳ Collagen)；采用免疫组织化学法检测肾组织TGF-β1、Col-Ⅳ表达；应用CMIAS多功能真彩色病理图像分析系统对肾小球基质基底膜面密度和细胞个数进行半定量测定；对球性硬化、节段硬化、细胞新月体及纤维或纤维细胞新月体所占肾小球百分数和肾小球IgA沉积免疫荧光强弱的判断采用Memphis法进行评分；肾小管间质病变程度采用光镜下半定量分级法(包括0-Ⅲ级)。

Early hydration characteristics and paste structure of complex binding material containing high-volume steel slag were studied by the determination of hydration heat evolution, type of hydration products as well as micromorphology of hardened paste using calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, pressure porosimeter, and envirnoment scanning electron microscope.

通过对胶凝材料早期水化放热性能和水化产物种类的测定，以及对硬化浆体显微形貌和孔结构的观察，研究了大掺量钢渣复合胶凝材料的早期水化性能和硬化浆体结构。

The microstructure of hardened layer and formation mechanism were investigated.The microstructure of hardened layer consist of the completely hardened region and the transition region.The completely hardening region is composed of fine acicular martensites,residual austenites and a few dot-like carbonides.From surface to bottom in the hardened layer,the microstructure varies from fine to coar...

结果表明：采用适当的磨削参数可满足该钢所要求的淬火温度，进而获得适宜的淬硬层显微硬度和强化层深度；磨削淬火层由完全硬化区和过渡区组成；完全硬化区主要由细小针状马氏体组成，从表面到里层，组织形貌呈现&细→粗→细&的变化规律，其形成机理是热-力耦合作用影响磨削淬火过程中的奥氏体晶粒大小及其位错密度，并将直接影响转变后的马氏体组织形貌。

By testing hydration rate and hydration temperature at different times,the effect of the retarders on the hydration process of calcined gypsum was studied,and by analyzing morphology and pore structure,the effect of the retarders on the microstructure of gypsum was also studied.

测定柠檬酸、聚合磷酸钠、骨胶3类缓凝剂对石膏性能的影响，通过不同水化时间的水化率和水化温度测定，研究了缓凝剂对建筑石膏水化过程的影响，采用SEM形貌分析和压汞法孔结构分析研究缓凝剂对石膏硬化体微结构的影响。

In this study, Cryptomeria japonica was liquefied in phenol with H2SO4 and HCl as a catalyst. The epoxy resin was synthesized from epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A with the molar ratio of 5/1. Blending resins were prepared by mixing the liquefied Japanese cedar and epoxy resin with weight ratios of 30/100, 50/100 and 70/100, and the triethylene tetramine was added as a cross-linking hardener. The effect of mixing ratios of liquefied Japanese cedar to epoxy resin and amount of hardener added on the reactivity of blending resins and the properties of cured resins were investigated. Furthermore, polysiloxane and rice husk were added as foaming agent and filler, respectively, to the epoxy resin and blending resins. The foaming process, the bubbles shape, the mechanical properties, and the thermal stability of the epoxy foams were investigated.

中文摘要本研究将柳杉(Cryptomeria japonica； Japanese cedar)木材以酚为溶剂，H2SO4及HCl为催化剂进行液化处理，另以莫耳比5/1之环氧氯丙烷与双酚A反应合成环氧树脂，并将液化柳杉与环氧树脂以重量比30/100、50/100及70/100混合制备掺合树脂，并以三乙基四胺(Triethylene tetramine； TETA)为架桥硬化剂，探讨液化柳杉与环氧树脂混合比及硬化剂添加量对其掺合树脂之反应性，及其硬化树脂性质之影响；进一步於环氧树脂与掺合树脂中添加聚矽氧烷为发泡剂，稻壳粉为填料制备发泡体，探讨其发泡体之发泡过程、泡体形态、发泡体机械性质与热稳定性。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。