硬件结构

Firstly it describes the development ,basic principle and application and propagation characteristic of mobile channel , then investigates the system structure of DAB transmitter and receiver separately and the key technology of realization of the digital audio broadcast system.And then discusses the system component of FFT －the demodulation module of OFDM .The 409- points FFT module employs a radix-4 decimation-in-frequency algorithm, includes arithmetic element , read and write address element ,twiddle factor element and control element , is realized by FPGA. In the end , the result is verified in the matlab .

首先概述了OFDM的发展、基本原理和应用以及移动信道的传播特性，接着分别研究了数字音频广播接收机和发射机的系统结构，以及数字音频广播系统实现的关键技术，然后详细论述了OFDM解调模块FFT的系统结构，主要研究了4096点FFT采用基－4按频率抽取实现的算法，整个FFT模块包括了运算单元、读写地址单元、旋转因子单元以及控制单元，并且在FPGA中进行了硬件实现，并在matlab环境下对结果进行了验证。

In the light of cost index and pollution degree, the characteristics of kinds of pulp are analyzed in detail, and the GP pulp which is low cost, high-yield, no-pollution is chosen as the material of tableware. Based on material element analyzed, shaping technology is designed, the to and for single plane shaping equipment which is high shaping quality, high production efficiency and is easy to automatize is chosen. All kinds of measure are taken to solve the problems which are inequality in the shaping process of GP pulp, and dosage which matches with GP pulp is chosen. Some ways of fixing shape and heat up are analyzed, the technology of saving energy of heat pressing to fix shape being composed of oil heat and only one fixed shape in the mold is applied, with which it is high production efficiency, low cost to fix shape effectively, which saves energy 30 percent. In order to make the production line meet with material of GP pulp, measure are taken to solve the problem of pulp adhered to netlike molding which can lead to carry material difficult, the structure of fully automatic equipment is renovated, the loaded beam is optimizationally designed to make equipment structure compactand improve location precision and products quality. According to technologic flow and actual characteristic, Omron PLC is chosen as the core of the control system, proximity switch as detect unit take the place of touch switch, software is designed reasonably according to time order figure, hardware is simplified, the reliability of system is advanced, the stability of system is assured to make production order. Intelligence neuron PID system is studied theoretically which is made up of both neuron with self-organizing and self-learning function and ordinary PID with the characteristic of the simple structure and high stability, which can automatically tune the parameter with the change of system parameter, remain perfect performance.

按成本指标和污染程度分析各浆料的特点，选择低成本、高得率、无污染的磨石机械浆为原料，在原料组分分析的基础上，设计成型工艺，选择成型质量好、生产率高、易实现自动化的往复式单板成型机，采取各种措施解决GP浆成型不均匀的问题及选择与机械浆相匹配的助剂；分析几种定型方式和加热方式，采用定型效果好、生产率高、成本低的油加热与模内一次性定型相结合的热压定型节能技术，节能30％；为了使生产线适应磨石机械浆原料，采取相应措施解决由于粘网造成物料转移困难，对全自动设备结构进行改进设计，着重对物料传送系统的关键部件——承载梁的进行优化设计，使设备更加紧凑合理，提高设备的定位精度和产品质量；根据生产线工艺流程和现场特点，选用OMRON CPM1A型PLC为主核心，接近开关作为检测元件，替代有触点开关，选用可编程终端代替常规面板按扭，并按照时序图科学合理地设计软件，有效地简化系统硬件构成，提高系统的可靠性，保证系统的稳定性，从而使生产更加通畅有序；从理论上探索将神经元应具有的自组织、自学习要求与PID控制结构简单、稳定性好的全自动纸浆模塑餐具生产线的研究特点结合起来，构成神经元自适应PID控制器，当参数的变化时，系统能自行参数整定，保持优良的工作性能指标，满足实际需求。

We proposed the simplest structure of 2-D bilinear transformation digital circuit, we proposed four approaches of the realizations:(1) Realization of 2-D discrete domain difference equations;(2) 2-D FFT realization;(3) Digital hardware implementation;(4) by 2-D recursive digital structure to realize them.

在第七章，我们则重点研究了二维数字滤波器的实现问题。我们对第六章提出的2-D双线性变换电路又作了进一步的简化，获得了一种最简结构的二维双线性变换数字电路，该电路仅有二个延时器和一个乘法器。在第七章里，我们提出了二维跳耦型数字滤波器的四种实现方法：(1)二维时域差分方程实现；(2)二维FFT实现；(3)数字硬件实现，(4)用2-D递归数字结构实现。

In this paper,we propose a remote video surveillance system architecture based on ARM and DSP,which divides the hardware into two modules.The main control module based on Philips LPC2114 is used to control the system,and the video image processing module based on Blackfin ADSP-BF533 is used to compress MPEG-4 video streams,and transmit the video streams in network.

本文提出了一种基于ARM和DSP的远程视频监控系统的体系结构，该体系结构将硬件分为两大模块，以Philips LPC2114为中央处理器的系统控制模块主要完成系统的控制功能，以Blackfin ADSP-BF533为中央处理器的图像处理模块主要完成MPEG-4视频流的压缩及自适应网络传输。

Structural Experiment is a basic subject in the Structural Engineering Major, which weighs heavy to the studying researchers on the experimental data accompanied by the former researchers" achievement and lucubration. And the experimental scope is expanding wider, so that making full use of each laboratory"s experimental equipment to conduct the collaborative experiment is also the developing trend. With the rapid development of the computer and network technology, hardware technique has provided the accessible condition for the Structural Experiment, and database technique has offered the convenience and possibility for the experimental results and datas save and data exchange.

结构实验是结构工程专业的一门基础学科，而且随着研究的深入，前人的研究成果，特别是研究试验数据对于继续研究的人员来说有特别重要的意义，并且实验规模也在不断扩大，充分利用各个实验室的实验设备条件进行协同实验也是发展趋势，随着计算机技术以及网络技术的飞速发展，硬件技术都为这一切提供了可行的条件，数据库技术为结构实验提供了保存实验结果、实验数据以及实验数据交换提供了便利和可能。

It introduces a kind of novel loading test system, based on the operation principle of damper. this loading system is operated by the driving motor. it realizes the loading, in that the damper has a negative drive force that puts on the motor. Based on the ordinary electromagnetic damper, the thesis presents a novel hybrid excitation electromagnetic damper which has adjustable work characteristic, analyses the working principle and structural feature of the electromagnetic damper, deduces the formulas to calculate the eddy current density through the Electromagnetic theory, analyses the distribution of the eddy current in the cotyloid rotor, and also studies the method of calculating the damp torque, establishes the mathematical model of the electromagnetic damper, analyses the relationship between the electromagnetic damper structural parameter and damp torque, researches the engineering design and analysis method of the electromagnetic damper, provides theory foundation for the design and analysis of the electromagnetic damper, contrives a hybrid excitation electromagnetic damper that satisfies the target request, designs a set of compound excitation electromagnetic damping loading control system whose control core is AT89C51 monolithic integrated circuit, analyses the electric circuit part, and carries on the experimental test to this set of electric circuits. Finally it debugs this electromagnetic damping loading system, this system satisfies the target request proposed.

论文提出了一个全新的加载测试系统种类，该加载系统是在阻尼器工作原理基础上，利用电动机拖动阻尼器运转，从而阻尼器产生一个与运动方向相反的阻尼力矩，该力矩作用在电动机上实现对电动机加载测试；同时，论文在一般电磁阻尼器基础上提出了一种新型的可调式复合励磁电磁阻尼器结构，该种阻尼器的工作特性在一定范围内可进行调节；论文分析了电磁阻尼器的工作原理和结构特点，运用电磁场理论分析推导了电磁阻尼器的涡电流密度公式，分析了涡电流在转子杯内的分布图，并对阻尼力矩计算方法进行了研究，建立了电磁阻尼器的数学模型，分析了电磁阻尼器结构参数和阻尼力矩之间的关系，对电磁阻尼器的设计和分析方法进行了研究，为电磁阻尼器的工程设计建立了理论基础；设计了满足技术指标要求的复合励磁电磁阻尼器和一套以AT89C51单片机为控制核心的复合励磁电磁阻尼加载控制系统，对该控制系统硬件电路各部分进行了分析和设计，对软件进行了设计，并对控制电路进行了试验调试，该系统满足所提出的加载指标要求。

This dissertation lucubrates the architecture of ATS, hierarchical structure and resource models of testing software and the physical structure of hardware.

论文对ATS体系结构、测试软件层次结构及资源模型、硬件物理结构进行了深入研究。

This paper briefly introduced the development phases of software dog, expatiated on the software dog's software and hardware principles, and analyzed the sameness and difference between software dog and encrypted information. Based on the particular introduction of the inner architecture of CY7C68013 chip which belongs to Cypress corporations EZ-USB FX2 series, the paper gave the hardware implementation of software dog, presented the program flow chart of software dog, and introduced the making process of both driving program and super application program.

简单介绍了软件加密狗的几个发展阶段，具体说明了加密狗的软、硬件原理，并分析了软件加密狗与信息加密的异同，详细介绍了Cypress公司EZ-USB FX2系列CY7C68013芯片的内部结构，并给出了基于此芯片的加密狗的硬件实现，给出加密狗内软件程序流程图，并简要介绍了驱动程序和高级应用程序的制作。

The paper investigates both block-type pilot linear minimum mean square error algorithm and IEEE802.16 OFDM channel estimation analysis. Simulation results confirm the block-type pilot structure is more suitable for IEEE802.16 system. An optimal pilot setting algorithm, based on space frequency domain, is explored and the pilot chart is presented. The proposed algorithm finds its application in MIMO-OFDM. Simulation results show the algorithm presents a good approximation to the perfect channel state information curve, with about 2dB difference in SNR. The simulation results also demonstrate the algorithm achieves fairly high stability in the environment of fast fading, performance of the proposed algorithm is better that of pilot training channel estimation.3. Taking into account the characteristics of IEEE802.16 OFDM system, OFDM system simulation platform is constructed in Matlab, exploiting simulink as a tool. OFDM modulation and demodulation simulation system are configured on LabVIEW platform. All the system signal processing is simulated, including defining system parameters, designing modulation model, and verifying all the proposed algorithms under different environments, such as white Gaussian noise, multi-path fading, with or without guard interval etc. Bit error performance is evaluated. The research provides valid theoretical basis for practical OFDM system performance evaluation.4. Taking advantage of software radio, the paper designs a hardware platform with both 256-IFFT/FFT and 512-IFFT/FFT OFDM schemes co-existing in one platform. You can predetermine one from the two schemes to carry out almost the same model function with different system performance and parameter setting.5. Referring to IEEE802.16 standard, the paper proposes a design method for generating signals and frames suitable for laboratory investigations implemented in laboratory environment.6. Based on 6701evm digital evaluation card, combined with analogy front-end, the paper designs a DSP software model to deal with baseband signal processing. An overall OFDM scheme, with modulation and demodulation function, is accomplished.

讨论分析了MIMO-OFDM中一种基于空频域的最优导频设置算法，给出了导频图案，通过仿真实验表明，该算法与理想的信道状态信息曲线非常接近，信噪比差距约在2dB左右，并且在快衰落条件下具有较好的稳定性，其性能要优于基于前导训练的信道估计方法。3、根据IEEE802.16OFDM系统特点，论文分别在Matlab中应用Simulink工具构建OFDM系统仿真平台、在LabVIEW平台上实现了OFDM调制解调仿真系统，模拟了整个系统的信号流程，进行了OFDM仿真系统参数的选择和调制模块的仿真设计、论证各算法性能，并根据各种不同的条件：例如高斯噪声、多径衰落、有无保护间隔等，对系统的误码特性进行了评估，为正确评价实际OFDM系统的性能提供了有效的理论依据。4、论文以软件无线电思想作为指导，提出了以256点IFFT／FFT为核心和以512点IFFT／FFT为核心的两种OFDM算法模式并存于同一个硬件平台、且可预选的方案，它们在参数选取和性能指标上有所差异，均实现了相似的模块和功能。5、论文参考IEEE 802.16无线网络标准的参数设置，针对本设计系统的应用环境和系统硬件的性能速率，提出了一种应用于实验室环境的信号结构、帧格式等参数设计。6、论文基于TI公司的6701evm数字评估板卡，结合模拟前端搭建数字中频平台，设计了基带处理的DSP软件模块并进行系统调试，基本实现了一套完整的OFDM调制解调方案。

This thesis analyses the hardware of system, and popular and low-cost PC桪AQ structure is chosen .

在系统的开发过程中，对系统硬件进行了详细的分析，采用普及廉价的PC—DAQ体系结构作为本系统的硬件实现方案。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。