硝化的

Activated Sludge Model No.1 (ASM1) was used for bioreactor modeling. A case study was made for a complex activated sludge process including nitrification, denitrification and aeration. Optimization waas made for three reactor layouts.

采用ASM1模型来模拟生物反应，对包括硝化、反硝化和曝气等复杂过程的活性污泥废水处理系统进行了模拟和优化研究。

Students should grasp the classification of the nitration reactions and its industrial application, the main nitration reagents and the nitration method, the classification of the sulfonation reactions, the function of sulfo group and its in the industrial application, sulfonating agents and its industrial application, the separation method for the sulfonated compounds, the widespread applicationof diazonium and the coupled reactions and its in the industry specially employed in the dyes and the pigments synthesis

掌握硝化反应的分类及其在工业上的应用。掌握主要的硝化试剂和硝化方法。掌握磺化反应得分类、磺酸基的作用及其在工业上的应用。掌握磺化剂其在工业上的应用。了解磺化物得分离方法。掌握重氮化及偶合反应及其在工业上特别是在染料和颜料合成中的广泛应用。

The results show that:①The forest soils have the stronger nitrification, but also the nitrification in surface horizon is stronger than the undersoil's.

结果表明：①森林土壤有较强的硝化活性，且表土层比底层土强，同时根际土利于硝化作用进行，根际效应R/S在4.5左右；②淹水厌气培养24h，-N的消失率为52%～58%，占第10天的55%～71%，且表土层-N的消失率比底层土大；③参与同化反硝化作用的还原酶活性较强，在培养24h后，被还原的基质数量占加入基质数量的70%～90%。

In this study,under laboratory conditions,using traditional microbiological culture method,select the Pb2+ stress training of Pistia stratiote and Myriophyllum spicatum L. under water culture, through the changs of root- microbial of Pistia stratiote and Myriophyllum spicatum L.,the results show that bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes have different concentrations under Pb2+ stress. It is specificity of ammonification, nitrification,andanti-Nitrosation after Pb2+ stress.

中文摘要：本研究在实验室条件下，用传统的微生物培养法，选择重金属离子Pb2+在水培条件下对大薸和穗状狐尾藻进行胁迫培养，通过测定大薸和穗状狐尾藻根系的微生物区系及与氮循环有关的四种细菌的数量变化发现：细菌、真菌、放线菌对重金属Pb2+的不同浓度的敏感性不同；重金属Pb2+胁迫对氨化、硝化、亚硝化和反硝化四类细菌的影响也表现出各自的特殊性。

In this paper, adopted augmenting culture in nitrite bacteria culture media and the method of silica gel plate isolation,31 strains of bacteria were isolated from vegetable garden soil of our school. The color reaction test was carried out with Griess reagent and culture fluid, which was regarded as the index to determine producing NO2- or not. 13 strains which color were deep were obtained and they were further rescreened by doing nitrite test. A strain N4(coded N4,the same to the following)with higher rate of nitrosification was picked up after rescreened; A strain B08( coded B08 ,the same to the following) with higher rate of denitrification was obtained after isolated and rejuvenated from our lab conserving mixed denitrifying bacteria culture.

本研究采用亚硝化细菌富集培养基选择培养和硅胶平板分离法，从本校农场菜园土中分离到31株细菌，以格利斯试剂对培养液的反应颜色深浅作为指标衡量其产NO_2~-的多少，经初筛从分离株中筛选出13株格利斯试剂反应颜色较深的菌株，再对这13株菌作亚硝化试验，最终选出一株亚硝化速率较高的菌株(编号为N_4，下同)；另外，通过对本实验室保存的反硝化细菌混合菌液进行分离复壮，筛选出一株反硝化速率高的菌株编号为B_

The results showed that the ammonifying rate, nitrifying rate, nitrosifying rate and denitrifying rate of bacteria in pond silt were significantly affected by the biomass and population composition of bacteria, physio-chmical characteristics of pond silt and water quality.

结果表明：淤泥中细菌的氨化率、亚硝化率、硝化率和反硝化率在很大程度上受淤泥中有机物的含量、细菌数量和种群组成、淤泥的理化性质及水质情况的影响。

Yield of nitrated porphyrins vibrated fiercely with different concentrations of nitric acid. It was found that nitration with 80% nitric acid (w/w, d = 1.45) could afford over 90% yield of mono nitrated TPP.

不同浓度的硝酸对硝化产物收率有较大的影响，论文首次以80%的硝酸为硝化试剂，适当条件下获得了收率超过90%的单硝化产物。

The results showed that BSA could be nitrated and oxidized by hemin-NO2--H2O2 system in all tested buffers, and the pH influence on BSA nitration was contrary to that of BSA oxidation: in pH range of 6.0-8.0, protein nitration was decreased with the increasing of pH, while protein oxidation was significantly increased.

实验结果表明，在五种缓冲溶液中，氯高铁血红素均能够有效催化NO2--H2O2体系引起的牛血清白蛋白的硝化和氧化，并且其导致的BSA硝化程度和氧化程度随pH值变化趋势相反：硝化程度随pH值的升高而降低；氧化程度随pH的升高而升高。

We studied the infection ofthe different reactant ratios to the degree of nitration when the polystyrere was nitrified. Thena series PS-NH_2 With different concentrations of amidocyanogen were gained by reducingPS-NO_2. At last the high active acryloylthiourea were grafted on the amidocyamogens.

在聚苯乙烯的硝化过程中，研究了不同的反应物配比对硝化度的影响，并对不同硝化度的硝基聚苯乙烯进行还原反应，得到了胺基含量不同的系列胺基聚苯乙烯，最后利用聚苯乙烯上的胺基和高活性的丙烯酰基异硫氰酸酯进行加成，合成AGPS。

Here, Risk Assessment Code matrix method and runaway scenario analysis method were used to evaluate the thermal runaway criticality, and some reaction conditions were compared and analyzed as well. At last, based on the experimental results, the theoretical calculation was adopted to analyze the decomposition of nitration product and the electrophilic substitution mechanism of these nitration reactions. All these work are of important value for the correct evaluation of thermal risk and the decrease of chemical reaction runaway accidents.

本文采用风险矩阵法和失控情景分析方法评估此反应的热失控危险，对反应中的一些影响因素展开比较和分析，并结合实验结果，从理论角度进一步分析了各硝化产物分解的难易性和硝化反应亲电取代的硝化机理，这些工作对准确评估反应的热危险，减少反应失控事故具有重要的参考价值。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。