硝化的

In this paper, the importance of denitrification in the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen in estuaries is summarized, It introduces methods of denitrification determination, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.

本文综述了河口区域反硝化作用在N元素生物地球化学循环过程中的重要作用，概述了不同测定反硝化速率的方法，并提出了各种方法的优缺点。总结了反硝化作用的影响因素：O2浓度，NO3，有机质，温度，生物等。

Nitrification is one of the most important step is the nitrogen cycle, this series of reactions are responsible for chemoautotrophic nitrobacteria, therefore the chemoautotrophic nitrobacteria play an important role in nitrogen cycle.

摘要 硝化作用为整个氮循环的必须步骤之一，这一连串的反应主要由自营性的硝化菌负责，因此，自营性硝化菌在氮循环中扮演著关键的角色。

The results showed that the wastewaters from the production of dyestuff, rubber and assistants from individual discharging points had significant effects on nitrification,while some characteristic pollutants,sueh as aminobenzene,nitrobenzene,phenol as weU as Zn2+,Mn2+,and Ni2+,especially Ni2+,had obvious inhibiting effects on nitrification,resulting in obvious reduction of the rate of nitrificatiOn in the biochemical treatment system.

研究结果表明：来源于个别排放点的染料生产污水、橡胶生产污水、助剂生产污水对硝化作用有显著的影响，一些特征污染物如苯胺，硝基苯，苯酚及Zn2+，Mn2+，Ni2+均对硝化作用有明显的抑制作用，从而导致生化处理系统的硝化反应速率明显降低，而且以Ni2+最为显著。

A selective nitration of calix[4]arene at the upper rim in one pot process was described by monitoring the time dependence of the distribution of products by high-performance liquid chromatography.

通过高效液相色谱实时监测杯[4]芳烃上沿选择性硝化过程，研究了反应中各种硝化产物的相对浓度随时间的分布情况，得到了五种硝化产物在同一反应体系中的最佳获取时间。

The kinetic model of nitrification developed by IWA is only applicable to the nitrification of sewage with low concentration of ammonia nitrogen,such as municipal sewage,but not applicable to the nitrification of garbage percolate.

国际水协建立的硝化动力学模型仅适用于城市污水等低浓度氨氮污水的硝化反应，不适用于垃圾渗滤液的硝化反应。

Raise bacterium from different, inferior nitrify bacterium and nitrify bacterium 3 person in light of the value of SOUR, different raises bacterium active to be compared in the lower level of filter strong, and inferior nitrify bacterium, nitrify bacterium raise bacterium to be in oneself medium, upper levels of the system is more active.

从异养菌、亚硝化菌和硝化细菌三者的sOUR的值来看，异养菌活性在滤池的下层比较强，而亚硝化菌、硝化菌等自养菌则在系统的中、上层比较活跃。

The same methods were used to study toluene dinitration, and the results indicated that the thermal runaway risks of these reactions were low too; prolonging dosing duration was helpful to the conversion of all nitrotoluene; decreasing the molar ratio of nitric acid to mononitrotoluene would make an insufficient conversion; among the given temperatures, rising reaction temperature couldn\'t markedly change the yield coefficient, but lead more heat generation and higher thermal runaway risk.

采用同样的方法对二段硝化反应进行研究，结果表明：二段硝化反应的热失控危险性也较低；延长加料时间，有利于反应完全；而随着硝酸与一硝基甲苯摩尔比的减小，硝化难以进行完全；在选定温度范围内升高温度，产物得率无显著变化，反而易导致放热加剧，增加体系的热失控危险。

In order to solve the problem of producing large amounts of wastes and undesired o-nitrotoluene in synthesis of p-nitrotoluene with the mixed concentrated mineral acids,the catalytic activity of phosphotungstic acid for selective nitration of toluene was studied and the optimum conditions for preparing the catalyst were investigated.

为解决硝硫混酸对硝化甲苯过程中因甲苯的非选择性硝化产生的o-MNT和大量废酸对环境的危害，研究了磷钨酸对甲苯硝化反应的催化活性。

The results indicate that (1) After acclimation and induction, Phosphorus Accumulating Organism not only has the characteristics of denitrification, but also has the characteristics of takeup phosphate in aerobic;(2) Denitrifying phosphate accumulating bacteria using NO3- as electron acceptor indeed existed in the conventional enhanced biological phosphorus removal system;(3) The facultative anaerobe seperated during the process of acclimation are Corynebacterium, Pseudodiphtheria corynebacterium, Staphylococcus and Moraxella; all of which can be functioned as denitrifying phosphorus accumulating to various degree.

试验结果表明：(1)好氧聚磷菌经驯化诱导后不但具有反硝化产氮特性，而且具有好氧聚磷特性；(2)在传统的A2O 工艺中存在有以NO3-为电子受体的反硝化聚磷菌；(3)在驯化过程中分离到的兼性厌氧微生物有棒状杆菌属、假白喉棒杆菌、葡萄球菌属及莫拉氏菌属，且都有不同程度的反硝化聚磷功能。

The results show high selectivity when the temperature is controlled at 50 CC , and the nitrated reaction time is 90 mm, toluene is nitrated by using 95% nitric acid as nitrating reagent at the presence of acetic anhydride, 1.0g silicotungstic acid catalyst is calcinated at 300℃ for 1.5h. The o/p (ratio of ortho to paro isomer of toluene nitration) ratio is 0.89 in product distribution of toluene nitration, lower than 1.67 using sulfonitric acid as catalyst. The yield of products is 91.6%.

结果表明，在醋酐存在条件下，以CCl4为溶剂，以质量分数为95%的硝酸为硝化剂，反应温度控制在50℃，反应60 min， 1.0g经300℃焙烧1.5h后的硅钨酸催化剂，对甲苯表现出强的区城选择性，甲苯硝化产物o/p值（甲苯硝化产物邻位和对位异构体的质量比）达0.89，较硝硫混酸的1.67显著降低，产物收率达到91.6%。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。