硝化的

This paper studies some clean process used for the nitration of aromatic hydrocarbon,including liquid phase reaction and gas phase reaction.

介绍了当前研究开发中的几种芳烃的清洁硝化工艺，包括液相硝化和气相硝化。

After years' effort, a new aerobic denitrifier that can deoxidize NO 3 - to N 2 and N 2 O has been isolated from ocean environment. Compound bacterial production is made up of aerobic denitrifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and organic compound degrading bacteria.

本项目将好氧还硝化菌、硝化细菌和有机质高效降解菌制成复合微生物制剂，通过多种微生物共同作用，在好氧的条件下能同时进行有机质降解、硝化作用和反硝化作用，可有效降低水中的三氮（ NH 4 +、 NO 2 -、 NO 3 -）。

According to the above study results, especially the steady operation of two-sludge system（2A/O+N 2SBR）, it can be proved that denitrification and excess phosphorus uptake are relatively independent and intersectant biological processes. The overlap is that denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteriawhich possesses the two bacterial metabolisms, could utilize nitrate as an electron acceptor for phosphorus uptake. The two-sludge system can not only combined biological phosphorus removal and denitrification processes to form a process in practical wastwater treatment , but also solved the main difficulties of current single-sludge systems:①the sludge age competition between phosphorus removing bacteria and nitrifier;② the substrate competition between denitrification and dephosphatation.

以上的研究结果，尤其是时间序列的双泥生物反硝化除磷脱氮系统工艺（2A/O+N 2SBR法）的稳定运行，不仅证明了生物脱氮与生物除磷是两个既相对独立又相互交叉的生理过程，其交叉点是同时拥有硝酸盐还原性和超量吸磷这两种生化特性的细菌进行的反硝化吸磷脱氮生化反应，而且双泥系统工艺克服了常规单泥生物脱氮除磷工艺的两大问题（①聚磷菌和硝化菌的SRT相互干扰；②反硝化与生物除磷竞争VFA），同时保证了脱氮和除磷效果，排水指标达到污水综合排水标准（GB8978-1996）的一级标准，具有实际工程使用价值。

Results showed that the former afforded an yield over 80% and the regioselectivity up to 5.4, both were higher than that using nitrous acid as nitrating agent.

结果表明：以硝酸铜作硝化剂时的硝化收率可达80%，P/O比值最高为5.4，均比用相同浓度的硝酸作硝化剂时要高。

Heterotrophic nitrification bacteria are able to utilize organic carbon sources to grow and produce hydroxylamine, nitrite and nitrate from nitrogen compounds, and most of them can also denitrify these products to gaseous nitrogen compounds simultaneously.

异养硝化细菌能够在利用有机碳源生长的同时将含氮化合物硝化生成羟胺、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐等产物，多数还能同时进行好氧反硝化作用，直接将硝化产物转化为含氮气体。

Effects of sonic factors, including dosage of catalyst, calcination temperature of catalyst, nitrated reaction time and recovered catalyst, on the selectivity of toluene in mononitration at the presence of silicotungstic acid catalyst were studied by gas chromatography.

通过气相色谱研究了诸如催化剂用量、催化剂焙烧温度、硝化反应时间、硝化反应温度及催化剂的重复使用等因素对甲苯硝酸硝化区域选择性的影响。

The effects of all kinds of factors, just like calcination temperature of niobic acid catalysts, nitration reaction time, nitration reaction temperature, recovered catalyst, acetic anhydride and concentration of nitric acid were studied by gas chromatography.

研究了催化剂焙烧温度、硝化反应时间、硝化反应温度、有无醋酸存在、硝酸浓度、催化剂的重复使用等因素对甲苯硝化反应影响。

But the effluent ammonium in the anoxic reactor, where enough NO2 were present, was equal to the blank system, and no ammonium was converted to such nitrogen compounds as NO2- and N2 by Nitrosomonas eutropha using NO2 as electron acceptor, which maybe caused by lack of the function bacteria. There were two ANAMMOX reaction pathways in the one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal system. One way was that after part of NH4+ was oxidized to NH2OH under aerobic conditions, NH2OH and NO2- were converted to N2O under anaerobic conditions, at last N2O was further converted to N2 which realized the nitrogen removal; Another way was that at first NO2- was reduced to NH2OH, NH2OH reacted with NH4+ to form N2H4, which was further converted to N2 subsequently, realizing the nitrogen removal.

结果表明：单级自养脱氮系统内6.72%的氨氮是通过吹脱等物化作用去除的，不超过6.02%的氨氮是通过传统硝化反硝化途径去除的，87.26%左右的氨氮是由自养脱氮途径去除的，自养脱氮反应起主要脱氮作用；在足够NO2存在且缺氧的条件下，单级自养脱氮系统内的出水氨氮浓度与空白反应器相当，NH4+并没有被亚硝化单胞菌以NO2为电子受体氧化为NO2-和N2等化合物而得以去除，可能是因为系统内不存在该代谢功能的亚硝化功能菌；单级自养脱氮系统内存在两条ANAMMOX反应途径：其中一条途径即NH4+在好氧条件下被氧化为NH2OH后，生成的NH2OH与系统内的NO2-在缺氧条件下被转化为N2O，N2O则进一步被转化为N2而实现氮的去除；另外一条途径即NO2-首先被还原为NH2OH，生成的NH2OH则与系统内的NH4+反应生成N2H4，N2H4继续被转化为N2而实现氮的去除。

Stable, compact and well-settling nitrifying granules can be developed for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification removal of nitrogen.

在本试验中，培养出结构致密稳定性良好，硝化效果和反硝化效果均良好的硝化颗粒。

In this paper, a specially made root chamber system with two compartments and nine gas collection pipes was used to collect the N2O in soil air of nine different spatial position in the root chamber. The following treatments were also used:(1) Two selective nitrification inhibitors, C2H2 and DCD in low concentration were used to study the nitrification process under different NH4+-N levels and its contribution to N2O release.

用特制的带有9根采气管的两室根箱系统，采集和分析根箱中9个不同部位土壤空气中N2O的浓度，结合使用具有选择性的硝化抑制剂（包括低浓度的C2H2和DCD），研究在不同铵态氮水平下的硝化过程及其对N2O气体释放的贡献；结合使用高浓度的C2H2，抑制反硝化过程中N2O到N2的还原，研究在不同铵态氮水平下的反硝化过程及其对N2O气体释放的贡献。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。