硝化的

After comparison of various process, a optimum process—ANIS process can be drawn; A autotrophic denitrifying process is successfully started up and stable operated; ANIS nitrous nitrifying process and autotrophic denitrifying process are joining-up in series to operate, and sound nitrogen removal effect can be achieved.

本论文广泛研究了各类C/N均小于1、甚至低至0.5以下的低、中、高氨氮浓度废水进行亚硝化处理的效果，综合比较了各种不同的处理工艺，得出了最佳工艺——ANIS工艺和运行条件；成功启动并稳定运行了自养反亚硝化系统，并将ANIS亚硝化工艺和自养反亚硝化工艺串连运行，取得了良好的脱氮效果。

The characters and performance of the biofilm were studied. When the concentration of nitrite is 206.82 mg/L, the velocity of nitrification is 260 mg/L·d. The best performed bacteria, N-20, were identified as Nitrobacter sp.

实验得到了稳定的自养硝化生物膜；当NO-2浓度为206.82mg/L时，生物膜的稳定硝化速率可达260mg/L·d；经鉴定，硝化速率最高的N20菌株属硝化杆菌属(Nitrobactersp。)。

Experimental results showed that, in this process, the optimal pH of the shortcut nitrification was 8.0～8.5; when the pH was less than 6,the nitrification is completely inhibited; when the pH was 6～7, at the end of aeration, the Nitrobacteria become the dominant bacteria because of the dropping of the free ammonia concentration. It is known to all, the activity of the Nitrobacteria and Nitrosomonas was affected by FA concentration, so nitrification was affected by FA concentration. According to the author's research results, the FA concentration which inhibit the Nitrobacteria was below 1.0mg/L,which inhibit the Nitrosomonas was above 10mg/L.

实验研究结果表明：本工艺中，短程硝化反应的最佳pH值在8.0～8.5之间，当pH小于6时，整个硝化反应都会受到抑制，当pH在6～7之间时，随着游离氨浓度的降低，在曝气后期，硝化菌将会占据优势；FA浓度对短程硝化反应的影响是通过对亚硝酸菌和硝酸菌的抑制来实现的，在本研究条件下，游离氨对亚硝酸菌的抑制浓度在10mg/L以上，对硝酸菌的抑制浓度在1.0mg/L以下；温度对短程硝化反应的影响是双重的，既影响微生物的生理活性，又影响FA浓度。

On the basis of denitrifying phosphorus removal theory, the mechanism and process of denitrifying phosphorus removal were summarized and the capability of denitrifying phosphorus removal was compared with conventional process.

在介绍反硝化除磷理论的基础上，对反硝化除磷机理和工艺作了综合概括，并与传统好氧除磷进行了比较，重点说明了反硝化聚磷菌的研究现状和最新反硝化除磷工艺的特点。

Our purposes are to research and sieve direction-selected nitration agents which will be added to the process of when chlorobenzene is nitrated and to make reaction proceed toward ONCB and to raise the proportion of ONCB to 40-50%.

本项目通过对定向硝化剂的研究和筛选，在氯苯硝化时加入选定的定向硝化剂，使硝化向邻位定向进行，提高邻硝比例达到40～50%。

It was also found that protein tyrosine nitration could induce cell injury further. Tyrosine nitration induced by high glucose was different from extrinsic factors. It could be speculated that protein was nitrated selectively to generate nitrotyrosine in diabetic vascular complications.

研究发现：蛋白质硝化可以进一步加强细胞损伤的程度，而高浓度的糖和外源性硝化试剂导致的细胞蛋白硝化有所不同，其原因可能是在糖尿病血管并发症中蛋白质是有选择地发生硝化反应的。

Among them, nitrate-sulfuric acid system with higher nitrating activity can get high yields at mild condition in the nitration of deactivated aromatic compounds and could be used in the laboratory and industrial applications.

其中，硝酸盐/硫酸体系具有较强的硝化能力，对于钝化芳环，可以在温和条件下以高收率得到硝化产物，在实验室制备或工业应用中具有较高的应用价值；其他硝化方法由于各种原因暂时不能对钝化程度较高的芳环进行硝化，还需进一步研究具有较高活性的硝化体系。

When the traditional nitrification-denitrification process is used for treating coking waste water, reflux nitrified liquid is required in anaerobic denitrification stage. Because of influence of the factors such as low carbon-nitrogen ratio and big reflux ratio, the denitrification rate is only 30%~50%.

传统的硝化反硝化生物脱氮工艺处理焦化污水时，厌氧反硝化脱氮需要回流硝化液，由于受到碳氮比低及回流比大等因素的影响，焦化污水的脱氮率只有30%~50%。

The results of continuous experiments with BAF show that: the short nitrification occurs when the Qair/Qinfluent ratio is 4:1 with NO_2~--N accounting for 72% of NOx--N; the suitable recirculation rate is 200%; the ratio of external acetate dose to NH4+-N concentration is 2:1 attributing to the short nitrification; BAF needs being backwashed when the headloss increases to 6 cm every 17~20 days; in the water reuse context, 98.7% water yield can be obtained.Lastly, the long-term operation of SBR-BAF system indicates it can treat the wastewater efficiently.

BAF反应器连续流试验结果表明：最佳气水比为4：1，硝化类型以短程硝化为主，NO_2~--N占到NOx--N的72%；综合考虑对TN的去除率和动力消耗，最佳回流比为200%；最佳缺氧/好氧容积比为3：5；由于短程反硝化较全程反硝化碳源需求量低，在BAF反应器进水NH4+-N 40mg/L左右的情况下，乙酸钠投加量为80mg/L以COD计设定水头损失达到6cm时进行反冲洗，随水温不同，反冲洗周期为17~20d，产水率为98.7%。

The expression of one-dimensional mathematical model of vertical migration of ammonia in the CRI system is:The parameters in the CRI model are determined as following: the retardarce coefficient is determined by static isothermal absorption experiment, the velocity of sewage travel through the soil column is determined by permeability test, the vertical dispersion coefficient is determined by test the electric conductivity of tracer in the dispersion experiment, the rate of nitrification and denitrification is determined by test of Baps technology.

依据单一氨氮、硝氮配水条件下的试验结果，引入多孔介质的溶质运移理论及对流-弥散方程，考虑NH4+-N在CRI系统中的运移受到对流和水动力弥散作用的影响，并吸附-解吸、硝化与反硝化3个过程，首次将配水流经CRI土柱的孔隙水流速方程与CRI土柱内发生的、以氧为约束条件的硝化、反硝化过程联系起来，建立了CRI系统一维垂向氨氮运移转化数学模型，表达式为：研究分别通过静态等温吸附实验率定了模型方程中的阻滞系数、通过渗滤试验测定了土柱中的孔隙水流速、通过测定弥散试验中示踪剂的电导率确定了纵向弥散系数、通过气压过程分离技术测定了土柱中的总硝化与反硝化反应速率常数，最后通过测定土柱沿程氧化-还原电位的方法分析氨氮在CRI系统中的运移转化机理。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。