硝化

This paper studies some clean process used for the nitration of aromatic hydrocarbon,including liquid phase reaction and gas phase reaction.

介绍了当前研究开发中的几种芳烃的清洁硝化工艺，包括液相硝化和气相硝化。

The article combines domestic and international research, mix from small environment theory, microbiology theory the generation mechanism that intermediate child theory just faces synchronous nitration to turn over nitrify undertook summing up, analysed synchronous nitration to turn over the implementation condition of nitrify and influencing factor.

文章结合国内外探究，从微环境理论、微生物学理论和中间产物理论方面对同步硝化反硝化的产生气理进行了综述，并分析了同步硝化反硝化的实现条件和影响因素。

The characters and performance of the biofilm were studied. When the concentration of nitrite is 206.82 mg/L, the velocity of nitrification is 260 mg/L·d. The best performed bacteria, N-20, were identified as Nitrobacter sp.

实验得到了稳定的自养硝化生物膜；当NO-2浓度为206.82mg/L时，生物膜的稳定硝化速率可达260mg/L·d；经鉴定，硝化速率最高的N20菌株属硝化杆菌属(Nitrobactersp。)。

But the effluent ammonium in the anoxic reactor, where enough NO2 were present, was equal to the blank system, and no ammonium was converted to such nitrogen compounds as NO2- and N2 by Nitrosomonas eutropha using NO2 as electron acceptor, which maybe caused by lack of the function bacteria. There were two ANAMMOX reaction pathways in the one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal system. One way was that after part of NH4+ was oxidized to NH2OH under aerobic conditions, NH2OH and NO2- were converted to N2O under anaerobic conditions, at last N2O was further converted to N2 which realized the nitrogen removal; Another way was that at first NO2- was reduced to NH2OH, NH2OH reacted with NH4+ to form N2H4, which was further converted to N2 subsequently, realizing the nitrogen removal.

结果表明：单级自养脱氮系统内6.72%的氨氮是通过吹脱等物化作用去除的，不超过6.02%的氨氮是通过传统硝化反硝化途径去除的，87.26%左右的氨氮是由自养脱氮途径去除的，自养脱氮反应起主要脱氮作用；在足够NO2存在且缺氧的条件下，单级自养脱氮系统内的出水氨氮浓度与空白反应器相当，NH4+并没有被亚硝化单胞菌以NO2为电子受体氧化为NO2-和N2等化合物而得以去除，可能是因为系统内不存在该代谢功能的亚硝化功能菌；单级自养脱氮系统内存在两条ANAMMOX反应途径：其中一条途径即NH4+在好氧条件下被氧化为NH2OH后，生成的NH2OH与系统内的NO2-在缺氧条件下被转化为N2O，N2O则进一步被转化为N2而实现氮的去除；另外一条途径即NO2-首先被还原为NH2OH，生成的NH2OH则与系统内的NH4+反应生成N2H4，N2H4继续被转化为N2而实现氮的去除。

On the basis of denitrifying phosphorus removal theory, the mechanism and process of denitrifying phosphorus removal were summarized and the capability of denitrifying phosphorus removal was compared with conventional process.

在介绍反硝化除磷理论的基础上，对反硝化除磷机理和工艺作了综合概括，并与传统好氧除磷进行了比较，重点说明了反硝化聚磷菌的研究现状和最新反硝化除磷工艺的特点。

Our purposes are to research and sieve direction-selected nitration agents which will be added to the process of when chlorobenzene is nitrated and to make reaction proceed toward ONCB and to raise the proportion of ONCB to 40-50%.

本项目通过对定向硝化剂的研究和筛选，在氯苯硝化时加入选定的定向硝化剂，使硝化向邻位定向进行，提高邻硝比例达到40～50%。

It was also found that protein tyrosine nitration could induce cell injury further. Tyrosine nitration induced by high glucose was different from extrinsic factors. It could be speculated that protein was nitrated selectively to generate nitrotyrosine in diabetic vascular complications.

研究发现：蛋白质硝化可以进一步加强细胞损伤的程度，而高浓度的糖和外源性硝化试剂导致的细胞蛋白硝化有所不同，其原因可能是在糖尿病血管并发症中蛋白质是有选择地发生硝化反应的。

When the traditional nitrification-denitrification process is used for treating coking waste water, reflux nitrified liquid is required in anaerobic denitrification stage. Because of influence of the factors such as low carbon-nitrogen ratio and big reflux ratio, the denitrification rate is only 30%~50%.

传统的硝化反硝化生物脱氮工艺处理焦化污水时，厌氧反硝化脱氮需要回流硝化液，由于受到碳氮比低及回流比大等因素的影响，焦化污水的脱氮率只有30%~50%。

The results of continuous experiments with BAF show that: the short nitrification occurs when the Qair/Qinfluent ratio is 4:1 with NO_2~--N accounting for 72% of NOx--N; the suitable recirculation rate is 200%; the ratio of external acetate dose to NH4+-N concentration is 2:1 attributing to the short nitrification; BAF needs being backwashed when the headloss increases to 6 cm every 17~20 days; in the water reuse context, 98.7% water yield can be obtained.Lastly, the long-term operation of SBR-BAF system indicates it can treat the wastewater efficiently.

BAF反应器连续流试验结果表明：最佳气水比为4：1，硝化类型以短程硝化为主，NO_2~--N占到NOx--N的72%；综合考虑对TN的去除率和动力消耗，最佳回流比为200%；最佳缺氧/好氧容积比为3：5；由于短程反硝化较全程反硝化碳源需求量低，在BAF反应器进水NH4+-N 40mg/L左右的情况下，乙酸钠投加量为80mg/L以COD计设定水头损失达到6cm时进行反冲洗，随水温不同，反冲洗周期为17~20d，产水率为98.7%。

In this paper, a specially made root chamber system with two compartments and nine gas collection pipes was used to collect the N2O in soil air of nine different spatial position in the root chamber. The following treatments were also used:(1) Two selective nitrification inhibitors, C2H2 and DCD in low concentration were used to study the nitrification process under different NH4+-N levels and its contribution to N2O release.

用特制的带有9根采气管的两室根箱系统，采集和分析根箱中9个不同部位土壤空气中N2O的浓度，结合使用具有选择性的硝化抑制剂（包括低浓度的C2H2和DCD），研究在不同铵态氮水平下的硝化过程及其对N2O气体释放的贡献；结合使用高浓度的C2H2，抑制反硝化过程中N2O到N2的还原，研究在不同铵态氮水平下的反硝化过程及其对N2O气体释放的贡献。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。