硅质骨针

In the light of the paleoenvironmental significance reflected by the radiolaria, graptolite, brachiopod,sponge spicule and the rock character, its suggested that the greyish green mudstone at the basal WufengFormation of the Goujiaya section would be probably deposited in 60 to 100 meters deep water, theGuanyinqiao bed in 50 to 80 meters deep, and the radiolaria-bearing silicalite from Wufeng Formation inwater with 200 to 400 meters deep. Combining the above-mentioned water depth with the sea-level changecycles, the change range of every one of the 5 cycles could be further conjectured. They were in ascendingorder: 20～120 m, 80～130 m, about 150 m, 50～250 m, and in excess of 200 m.

根据放射虫、笔石、腕足类、海绵骨针以及岩性等对古环境的指示意义，认为五峰组底部灰绿色泥岩段产出时水深约60-100m，观音桥层水深约50-80m，在晚奥陶世最大海侵期(对应于T.typicus亚带下部)，水深约400m，五峰组含放射虫硅质岩沉积时最小水深约200m，结合以上海平面变化的5次旋回，从而推算出各旋回海平面的变化幅度：在第①旋回，海平面变化范围大致为20～120m；在第②、第③和第④旋回中，海平面变化分别为80～130 m、大约150 m和50～250m；第⑤旋回的海平面升降幅度大于200 m。

In the light of the palenenvironmental significance reflected by the radiolaria, graptolite, brachiopod, sponge spicule and the rock character, it's suggested that the grayish green mudstone at the basal Wufeng Formation of the Goujiaya section would be probably deposited in 60 to 100meters deep water, the Guanyinqiao bed in 50 to 80meters deep, and the radiolaria-bearing silicalite from Wufeng Formation in water with 200 to 400 meters deep. Combining the above-mentioned water depth with the sea-level change cycles, the change range of every one of the 5 cycles could be further conjectured. They were in ascending order: 20～120m, 80～130m, about 150m, 50～250m, and in excess of 200m.

根据放射虫、笔石、腕足类、海绵骨针以及岩性等对古环境的指示意义，认为五峰组底部灰绿色泥岩段产出时水深约60-100m，观音桥层水深约50-80m，在晚奥陶世最大海侵期(对应于T.typicus亚带下部)，水深约400m，五峰组含放射虫硅质岩沉积时最小水深约200m，结合以上海平面变化的5次旋回，从而推算出各旋回海平面的变化幅度：在第①旋回，海平面变化范围大致为20～120m；在第②、第③和第④旋回中，海平面变化分别为80～130m、大约150m和50～250m；第⑤旋回的海平面升降幅度大于200m。

Any of the fine spicules forming a network in cancellous bone.

包含有六道边花硅质骨针的海绵；环细胞限于指状室中。

Distribution of biogenic silica content in surface sediments from deep water areas showed that it could not only reflect the paleoproductivity of siliceous micropaleontology in surface waters, but also indicate the strong or feeble upwelling. Thus, it was further confirmed that using biogenic silica content in sediments to trace upwelling and its change was effective and reliable. The analyzed result showed that radiolaria and poriferous specula have more contribution for biogenic opal, comparing with diatom in surface sediments from the northern studied area, probably owing to the diatom dissolved easily away and eaten by other organisms with little effort.

深水区表层沉积物中生物硅的含量分布表明，其不仅能反映出表层水体中硅质生物的古生产力水平，而且还能指示上升流的强弱，从而进一步证实了利用沉积物中生物硅含量来追踪上升流发育和变化的有效性与可信度研究结果还显示，在研究区域中北部表层沉积生物硅中放射虫和海绵骨针较硅藻占有更大的比重，这可能是由于硅藻易被溶解并易被其他生物体摄食的缘故。

The structure and mechanical properties of silica sponge spicule found in China Bo-hai were studied.

研究了我国渤海海域发现的一种硅质海绵骨针的结构和力学性能。

The results show that this spicule has the complex hiberarchy: the first tier is nano silica particles; the second tier is the sub-rounds within one silica round; the third tier is silica rounds composed of several parallel sub-rounds; the fourth tier is homocentric round structure with alternant deposition of silica and organic matrix.

结果表明，这种海绵骨针具有复杂的四级结构：第一级是纳米硅球；第二级是二氧化硅层内的亚层结构，第三级是单层二氧化硅层；第四级是二氧化硅－有机基质复合的同心圆结构。

One of the two silicified halves of the cell wall of a diatom.

包含有六道边花硅质骨针的海绵；环细胞限于指状室中。

Therefore, these new discoveries have drawn increasing efforts worldwide to study the biology and biomineralization of sponge spicules and their bionic applications.

海绵是生长在海洋或淡水环境中的一种最简单的多细胞生物，3个主要海绵纲中有2个纲的海绵其主要骨架与支撑是玻璃纤维状的硅质骨针。

Through studying the structure, the characteristic, the growth mechanism and mediation in sponge spicules, scientists are learning a new biotechnological route to produce electronic and optical nanomaterials in an environmentally benign way.

近年来，人们发现了硅质海绵骨针独特的微结构及良好的光纤特性，特别是指出了这些特性给人类带来制造光纤的新思路，并很快引起了科学家对其结构、特性、生长机制与调控的生物学、生矿物学和仿生学的广泛研究兴趣。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。