破坏荷载

The size of the blast pit, the damage area, pressure contour and stress-time curve in concrete with or without steel composite were analyzed. Also, the damage mechanism of concrete-steel plate composition under explosive loading was studied.

通过实际算例，比较研究了混凝土敷设钢板与否对成坑大小、损伤区、压力云图以及应力时程曲线等的影响，进一步研究了有钢板加固时混凝土在爆炸荷载作用下的破坏机理。

As a result, more damage would be induced to concrete structures with burnable decorative materials if fire were encountered.

对于可以燃烧的装饰层而言，则会产生热荷载，结构构件在火灾时的损伤或破坏会加重。

Brittle fracture mechanism of butt welding in web connections under severe earthquakes is analyzed and studied based on the results of calculation.

计算结果分析表明，梁翼缘对接焊缝在循环荷载作用下脆断破坏的原因是焊缝两端存在着严重的应力集中，且焊缝处于三向受力状态。

In connection with the application of concrete-filled steel tubular column in the engineering practice in this country at present,a new fashioned connection in framed structure of concrete-filled square steel tubular column with reinforced concrete beam was proposed,being a connection of concrete beam with non-through hidden steel corbel steel tubular column filled with concrete.

结合我国现行钢管混凝土柱在实际工程中的应用状况，提出了用于方钢管混凝土柱-钢筋混凝土梁框架结构的新型连接节点形式非穿心暗钢牛腿方钢管混凝土柱与混凝土梁节点，采用了X型加载试验方案，制作了1∶3的试验模型，进行了低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究，得到了相关的钢筋应力应变发展规律和相应的滞回曲线，通过对试验结果节点破坏的机理分析，提出了进一步的改进措施。

The findings indicate that under uniaxial compression, the red sandstones at first experience structural intensification and then structural degradation until they are failed; the unconfined compressive strength of red sandstone is mainly related with compaction rate, pore distribution and connecting condition of mineral grains; and the above factors have a more notable impact on the unconfined compressive strength of red sandstone with the increase of weathering; with the increase of load, the grains area ratio and Euler number decrease, the pore develops towards centralization or collectivization, and the red sandstones gradually lose their resistance to deformation.

研究结果表明：在单轴压缩条件下，红砂岩先结构强化，后结构劣化，直至最终破坏；红砂岩的单轴抗压强度主要与密实程度、微孔洞等缺陷的分布情况及矿物颗粒之间的联结状态有关，随着红砂岩风化程度的增强，以上各因素对其单轴抗压强度的影响将更加显著；伴随荷载的增加，红砂岩的矿物颗粒面积比例及欧拉数总体上趋于减小，孔隙向着集中化和集团化的趋势发展，红砂岩抗变形能力逐步丧失。

Ferroconcrete circle form is the main pressure pipelines type mostly adopted in built power stations from 1970"s to 1980"s in our country. During long running process, there are many factors such as design faults, bad materials, manufacturing deficiencies, improper constructions, environment factors, function changed, load increase, material aging, damage and so on which lead to all kinds of problems containing deficiency, crack, lack of strength and structure destroyed .

在我国七八十年代建成的电站压力管道，大多采用的是钢筋混凝土圆形结构，在长期运行过程中由于其设计失误、材质恶劣、制作偏差、施工不当、环境因素、功能改变和荷载增加等因素及材质本身的老化、损害等而导致钢筋混凝土压力管道产生各种各样的缺陷、损伤、裂缝过大、承载力不足或结构破坏等问题。

In light of the first expressway reinforced gabion retaining wall in China, which reinforced earth engineering of Xiangtan to Hengyang express highway section of K124 +300～K124 +895 in Hunan province, the external stability analysis of reinforced gabion retaining wall was analyzed by using the reliability analysis method and the reliability index and failure probability were given with this method. The results show that this method is simple, scientific and reasonable.

介绍了Rosenblueth矩估计方法的基本原理及其在加筋格宾挡墙外部稳定性分析中的应用，提出了加筋格宾挡墙外部稳定性可靠度分析方法，基于Rosenblueth方法开发了相应计算程序，研究了填料粘聚力c、内摩擦角φ、地震力、填土重度、车辆荷载以及加筋间距等重要参数对可靠度指标的影响，结合我国第一座高速公路加筋格宾挡土墙（湖南省湘潭至衡阳西线高速公路第十二合同段K124+300～K124+89段加筋土工程）运用可靠度理论分析其外部稳定性，得到了该挡墙外部稳定可靠性指标和破坏概率。

All previous wind disaster investigations have substantiated that higher wind-induced internal pressure in the case of sudden opening due to destruction of windows or doors during hurricane is one of the major cautions for collapse of fastigiums and roofs.

研究表明，建筑物突然开孔时的内压脉冲对结构安全威胁很大，对于已经存在开孔的结构的屋盖由于受到内外压的共同作用要比开孔前承受更大的风荷载，从而解释了台风或者飓风期间建筑物门窗突然破坏时容易进一步造成屋盖破坏的现象。

Also, triple-line skeleton curve was obtained, which provide base for analyzing this kind of shear walls.

其次通7片纵横配筋的高强砌块配筋砌体高悬臂剪力墙的恢复力试验，考查了竖向荷载、剪跨比、水平配筋对该种剪力墙破坏形态的影响，以及该种墙片的强度、刚度、延性性能及能量耗散能力，并且与钢筋混凝土剪力墙相比较，得出配筋砌体剪力墙抗剪时与钢筋混凝土剪力墙的破坏形态、延性等相近的结论，由试验得出的骨架三折线，也为今后分析该种墙体的抗震性能提供了依据。

There are two methods to evaluate the safety of arch dam, such as overload method and synthetic method.

采用三维非线性有限元，以累积自重和设计水压为基本荷载，利用超载法和部分的超载、强度降低的综合法分析了某高拱坝的失稳破坏过程，得到其整体安全系数和破坏特征。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。