破坏荷载

The second part, with the theories of the first part for guide, pass a software ANSYS to imitate the napu big bridge main arch ring's ultimate load carrying capacity under well-distributed loads, in imitating process, distinguishing the emulation by three ways: 1, the characteristic value emulation, 2,the geometric nonlinearity emulation 3,double nonlinearity emulations, and sum up the frame of the order flow within various emulation process, so that the good leading function can be provided with related calculations.

第二部分，以第一部分的理论为指导，通过大型有限元软件ANSYS来模拟南浦大桥主拱圈在均布荷载作用下的极限承载力，并探究主拱肋在极限荷载作用下的破坏过程。

Response and damage mechanism of welded-bolted I-beam to box-column connections under single and cyclical loads are analysed in the article.

本文主要就箱形柱和I字型梁的栓焊刚性连接节点，进行了在单向荷载和循环荷载作用下的破坏机理分析和研究。

Tests of three interior and three edge slab-column connections are studied in this paper. The properties of connections under vertical load and lateral reversed load are analyzed. The load-displacement hysteretic curve, development of crack, energy dissipation capacity and failure mode of slab-column connections are studied.

本文首先进行了六个板柱节点在竖向剪力和低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究，探讨了节点不平衡弯矩、板厚、柱截面尺寸、板配筋率等对节点受力性能和抗震性能的影响，分析了节点的荷载-位移滞回曲线、裂缝开展、延性性能和破坏形态等。

The main results of the study are obtained as follows:1 In order to analyze and study the physical and mechanical characteristics of Lianyungang marine soft clay deeply, large numbers of basic mechanical characteristics tests and tri-axial shear tests are completed.2 In order to investigate the loaded and failure characteristics of the cement-soil, the cement-soils for the different ratio and different cure time are studied in the laboratory, and their unconfined compression tests and tri-axial shear tests are performed.3 Based on the solution of one-dimension consolidation, the one-dimension consolidation of the double-layered foundation is solved for two-grade loading in virtue of transcendental equation; Simultaneously, the one-dimension consolidation of the double-layered foundation is solved by means of Laplace transform for two-grade loading, and Stehfest numerical transform is applied in Laplace's inverse transformation; Furthermore, according to the practical foundation shapes, the consolidation models of the soil between piles and the substratum are built and solved respectively.4 The effect of each parameters on the consolidation of the double-layered foundation is discussed, and the solution of load transfer method for double-layered foundation is applied in A1-A4 section of Lian-Xu expressway. The results of calculating settlement of the double-layered consolidation theory are basic agreement with the measuring settlement results.

取得了以下几方面的研究成果：1针对连云港海相软土进行一维固结和三轴剪切试验，深入分析连云港海相软土的物理力学特性。2模拟水泥土搅拌桩施工，在室内制备不同配比、不同龄期的水泥土试样，并进行无侧限抗压试验和三轴剪切试验，揭示水泥土的受力特性及破坏特性。3运用超越方程，以双层地基一维固结解析解为基础，推导出二级加荷条件下双层地基的固结解析解；同时，通过荷载传递法并借助Laplace变换对双层地基的固结问题进行了数值求解；此外，根据实际的地基结构，建立了桩间土和下卧层的固结模型并分别进行求解分析。4分析探讨了双层地基中各参数对双层地基固结的影响程度，并运用荷载传递法的解答计算了连-徐高速公路A1-A4标水泥土搅拌桩处理段的六个断面，计算结果与实测数据有较好的一致性。

A Material nonlinear finite element analysis for the cast-in-place reinforced concrete hollow slab that occurs from initial loading, cracking, yielding to failing is carried on. The cracking load, ultimate load, the displacement rules and the principal stress distribution rules of the hollow slab under the vertical loads are obtained. A Material nonlinear finite element analysis for the single span hollow flat-plate floor is also carried on. The function of the concealed wide-flat beams is definite by analyzing the principal stress distribution diagram. The calculating results verify the theoretical analysis and give some important conclusions which are great useful to improve the constructing of the new flat-plate floor.

其次对空心板进行了从加荷、开裂、屈服直至破坏的全过程材料非线性有限元计算，得到了空心板在竖向荷载作用下的开裂荷载、极限荷载及位移和应力分布规律；还对单跨无梁楼盖进行了材料非线性有限元计算，通过分析主应力场明确了柱上暗扁梁的作用；有限元计算的结果验证了以上的理论分析并得到了一些重要的结论，对改进现浇空心板无梁楼盖的构造措施有重要的参考价值。

This article mainly simulates gradually damage destruction process of rock, major in determinationg the definition of rock three-dimensional damage tensor, simplify to the damage tensor and obtain its engineering calculation method, and obtains the basic expression form of equivalent stress by equivalent stress assumption, symmetrization to the actual stress, thus obtains construction relation of the festival principle of three-dimensional damage rock mass, finally couples elasticity- plasticity with damage in the finite element equation, with reference to elasticity-plasticity gradually degenerated method thought, simulates rock damage to advance gradually the destruction process in finite element method, draws up elasticity - plasticity and damage coupling two-dimension finite element procedure with the C language in the VC contact surface, by simulating experiment destroyed process, acquires destruction image and the axial load distortion curve of model, agreement with the experimental result.

本文主要模拟岩石渐进损伤破坏过程，确定岩石三维损伤张量的定义，对损伤张量进行简化计算并得出其工程计算方法，采用等效应力假设得出有效应力的基本表达形式，对有效应力进行对称化，得出节理损伤岩体的三维本构关系，在有限元方程中实现弹塑性和损伤耦合；借鉴弹塑性渐进退化方法的思想，采用有限元的方法模拟岩石损伤渐进破坏过程，用C++语言在VC界面编制了弹塑性和损伤耦合的二维有限元程序，通过模拟已有的实验破坏过程，得出模型的破坏图像和轴向荷载变形曲线，与实验结果基本一致。

Firstly, the paper carried out test study base on the pseudo-static test under horizontal loads on four two-spanned model members of FSMRCSS, including three 1/2-scaled two-storeyed models and one 1/3-scaled three-storeyed model. By the test study, the paper analyzed the test results, including analysis on mechanical property of the constructure under vertical loads, and failure mode, deformation capacity, aseismic performance under horizontal loads and constant vertical loads. The paper also compared LFSWSUMS with FSMRCSS on aseismatic property.

本文首先对三个两跨两层和一个两跨三层的底部大空间框支密肋复合墙结构的1／2和1／3比例模型进行伪静力试验研究，通过对底部大空间框支密肋复合墙结构在竖向荷载及与水平低周反复荷载共同作用下的受力性能的试验研究，探讨了结构的变形性能、滞回耗能和破坏形态，并与框支砌体结构进行对比分析。

The anchor anchoring depths could be regard as critical value for concrete edge failure and anchor failure. When the anchor edge distance was shorter than anchor anchoring depth, the failure mode was concrete edge failure and anchor space length had some influence on cracking load. When anchor space length was longer than anchor anchoring depth, the failure mode was anchor failure.

锚栓的锚固深度可以认为是混凝土边缘破坏以及锚栓破坏的临界边距，对于锚栓边距较小的情况，以混凝土边缘破坏时的承载力为标准，锚栓间距对于试验的开裂荷载有影响；对于锚栓边距较大的情况，以锚栓的破坏为标准。

Some conclusions are drawn from the calculating results: when buried pipes cross fault, pipe's embedded depth should be shallow, and big pipe diameter and thick wall should be selected. Avoid the site where fault moves severe, and select suitable pipe-fault angle. Bigger pipe-soil friction coefficient is helpful for buried pipe crossing fault. Under dynamic loading, buried pipe would first damaged in compressive region of bilateral fault, so special treatment should be done to pipe in bilateral fault region.

依据计算结果分析了各因素对地下管道破坏的影响，并得出几点结论：管土摩擦系数较大情况下，管道破坏较轻；地下管道在穿越断层时，管道宜浅埋，并选取大管径、壁厚的管道；应尽量避开断层错动较大的位置，并选取合适的管道穿越断层角度；在受动荷载作用时，管道在断层两侧受压区先破坏，故在断层两侧要进行特殊处理进行防护。

The foundation soil is divided for finding the ultimate bearing capacity of a foundation with given buried depth and size. Supposing a uniform load acts on the foundation, Mindlin's integral formula and comer points method are used to get extra stress of every mesh knot by MATLAB program, then the principal stress is found. Combining with failure criterion, MATLAB program is used to find coordinates of points which are destroyed. Using graphic processing function of MATLAB, the failure points are showed in the coordinate.

为确定作用在已知埋深、给定基础形状地基土上的极限承载力，对基底下的土体进行网格划分，先假定一均布荷载作用在此地基土上，运用明德林解的积分公式，结合角点法，编制MATLAB语言程序，求出每个网格节点上附加应力，进而求得每个网格节点上主应力，根据破坏准则，结合程序找出破坏点的坐标，利用MATLAB的图形处理功能，把破坏点的坐标在坐标图中显示出来。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。