破坏荷载

The results show that the peak tension in the conductor of upper crossarm at suspension point exceeds the design value. Insulator rupture has no effect on tower component of upper crossarm, but it has significant influence on insulator tension of upper crossarm. The lower limit of longitudinal unbalanced tension of two and more than two bundle conductor is relatively small. Insulator rupture should be taken into account in the design for overhead transmission lines.

分析结果表明，上横担一组绝缘子破坏失效后，破坏档未破坏端导线的张力超过了技术规程中的设计值；导线的跌落对破坏档未破坏端的上横担绝缘子受力有较大的影响，而对上横担铁塔杆件没有明显的影响；考虑杆塔断线荷载时，应增大两分裂以上导线纵向不平衡张力的下限值；在架空送电线路的设计中应该考虑绝缘子断裂的荷载工况。

Based on the research production, with three prestressed concrete hollow slabs from the bridge in active service for ten years, this essay studies the ultimate bearing power ,the load-bearing failure mechanism and structure reenforcement measures influence on them, through examination of each performance index, failing load test, theoretical analysis and computing research work.

对预应力混凝土桥梁结构在使用中存在的问题及国内外相关研究发展水平进行了综述，指出目前对旧桥预应力混凝土空心板实际极限承载能力进行相关研究的必要性及其重大意义； 2、对旧桥预应力混凝土空心板的混凝土强度、碳化深度、预应力筋的锈蚀状况以及裂缝状况的检测评定； 3、通过破坏荷载试验，对损伤旧桥预应力混凝土空心板的受力性能进行试验评定； 4、采用在桥面做混凝土叠合层的加固措施，通过破坏荷载试验对加固后的旧桥预应力混凝土空心板的受力性能进行评定； 5、提出在役旧桥预应力混凝土空心板的维护、加固和使用建议。

First of all, the paper carried out test study on four two-spanned model members of FSMRCWB, including three 1/2-scaled two-storeyed models and one 1/3-scaled three-storeyed model. The paper analyzed the test results, including analysis on mechanical property of the composite wall beam under vertical loads, and failure mode, deformation capacity, aseismic performance under horizontal loads and constant vertical loads. Secondly, the nonlinear property of concrete is studed and the nonlinear models of FSMRCSS is builded by ANSYS. Last, The paper studies the result of ANSYS, which mainly includes the loading-displace curve of FSMRCSS under horizontal loads and constant vertical loads, the mechanics of arch under vertical loads lonely and under horizontal loads and constant vertical loads respectively, and status of the distribution and changing of vertical stress and cross shear on the surface of the suporting beam, and the influence of span ratio and hole.All in all, the caculating results are in good agreement with the test results.

本文首先进行了三个1/2比例的两跨两层和一个1/3比例的两跨三层的框支密肋复合墙梁的模型试验，分析了框支密肋复合墙梁在竖向荷载作用下的受力性能，以及在竖向荷载与水平低周反复荷载共同作用下的受力性能、变形性能、滞回性能、耗能系数及破坏形态；其次，研究了混凝土的非线性特性，建立了框支密肋复合墙梁非线性有限元模型，并借助大型通用有限元软件ANSYS进行计算；再则，进行了非线性有限元结果分析，主要研究框支密肋复合墙梁在竖向荷载与水平地震力共同作用下的荷载位移曲线，分析在竖向荷载单独作用下和在竖向荷载与水平地震力共同作用下墙梁的拱作用，托梁顶面的竖向应力和横向剪应力分布及变化情况，并讨论跨度比、洞口对墙梁拱作用和托梁顶面的竖向应力的影响。

But in early resorptive phase in GSB group. The change of BMD, BGP, D-Pyr/Cr and biomechanics index in OVX-PII group were the same as that in OVX-PI group, but the rising range of compressive strength limit in lumbar spine and bend load of femur is bigger than that of JGG, and GSB group. Dynamics osteoblast appeared in large numbers on the surface of os, we can observe the transforming process from osteoblast to osteocyte.

同期预防Ⅱ组的BMD、BGP、尿D-Pyr/Cr及生物力学指标的变化大体维持在预防用药12周时水平，但从数字上看腰椎椎体的压缩强度极限和股骨的弯曲破坏荷载两项的上升幅度均大于健骨颗粒组和骨松宝组，预防II组骨质表面出现成群活跃的成骨细胞，可见成骨细胞往骨细胞转化过程。

The result shows: the material of glass reinforced plastic mortar pipe is brittle, the enlaced sample always destroyed along the interface of different layers, but the centrifugal sample destroyed along a breach; the capacity of bearing radial load of enlaced glass reinforced plastic mortar pipe is better than the centrifugal ones, the destroyed forms of them is also different. Secondly, the whole pipe and direct shear friction experiments between glass reinforced plastic mortar pipe and typical soil of Shanghai have been done.

结果表明：玻璃钢夹砂顶管管材属于脆性材料，缠绕式玻璃钢夹砂顶管的材质试样基本沿着层与层之间的分界面破坏，而离心浇铸式玻璃钢夹砂顶管材质试样的破坏是沿着某个滑裂面破坏；缠绕式玻璃钢夹砂顶管的抗径向荷载性能要优于离心浇铸式玻璃钢夹砂顶管，同时两者在径向荷载作用下的破坏形式明显不同。

It is meaning to research on the compressive characteristic of concrete small hollow block walls with concrete core columns in order to make use of the material well and improve characteristic of the walls.To concrete small hollow block walls, five modes of block walls of different ratio of height to width have been made. The Characteristic of the block walls of different ratio of height to width with horizontal load and vertical load have been analyzed.

对不同的高宽比的砌块砌体墙在不同的竖向荷载作用下的水平抗剪性能进行了数值分析，计算了墙体的水平开裂荷载和破坏荷载，模拟了墙体从开裂到破坏的全过程，分析了不同的竖向荷载和不同的高宽比对墙体水平抗剪性能的影响。

To concrete small hollow block walls with concrete core columns, different ratio of core columns and different strength of the core columns modes of grout for concrete small block walls have been made.

论文对混凝土小型砌块砌体墙分别建立了不同灌芯率和不同的灌芯混凝土强度的模型，模拟了其开裂和破坏全过程，计算了墙体的开裂荷载和破坏荷载。

Based on the destructive test of certain old pre-stressed concrete hollow slab after structural strengthening by CFS,the destructive mechanism and ultimate bearing capacity of old pre-stressed hollow slab after structural strengthening is being researched,which is useful for the strengthening design of old bridge and solvating of single slab problem.

通过某已使用10年的旧桥预应力混凝土空心板受拉区碳纤维布加固后的破坏荷载试验研究，对受拉区加固后的旧桥预应力混凝土空心板的破坏机理、变形性能及极限承载能力等进行了研究，为旧桥预应力混凝土空心板的加固设计及单板受力问题的分析解决提供了试验依据。

Penstocks ; model tests ; bearing capacity ; failure loads ; simulation material

压力管道；模型试验；承载能力；破坏荷载；仿真材料

On the basis of the former researches and taking into account the practice of our country, this paper take the low period repeat loading experiment for three rigid conjunction node of steel beam and concrete wall, researching their load-bearing capacity and earthquake resistance performance under the low period repeat loading action, the main content concentrate on the following aspects:(1) Analyzing the three joint's damage shape、hysteretic curve、change of rigidity、yielding load、limit load、damage load、durability、energy dissipation capacity、the strain of the key position and the moment transferring mechanism.(2) Comparing the joint's load-bearing capacity and earthquake resistance performance among the joints with different stud bolt diameter and different connection plate thickness, researching some factor's influence on the work performance of the joint such as the high and strong stud bolt specification、connection plate thickness .

本文在前人研究的基础上，结合我国的实际情况，对3个钢梁-混凝土墙刚接节点试件进行了低周反复荷载试验，对其在低周反复荷载作用下的承载力和抗震性能进行了研究，内容主要集中在以下几个方面：(1)对3个节点试件在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏形态、滞回曲线特性、刚度变化、屈服荷载、极限荷载、破坏荷载、延性性能、耗能能力、关键部位的应变分布情况及节点核心区的受力情况进行了试验研究和理论分析；(2)比较了不同螺栓规格和不同连接板厚度的节点试件的承载力和抗震性能，研究了高强螺栓规格和连接板厚度这2个因素对节点工作性能的影响；(3)介绍了光纤光栅传感技术在土木工程领域中的应用研究现状及其基本原理；并通过对比试验，探讨了光纤光栅传感器用于土木工程检测的可行性及实现途径。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。