破坏的结果

The effects of the interfacial bond strength,the embedded length of fiber and the thermal expansion coefficient on the fiber pullout process were studied.The results showed that the model ...

结果表明该模型能很好的解释纤维拔出的破坏过程，纤维的最大拔出力和材料的承载能力都随面结合强度、纤维的埋入长度和基体的热膨胀系数增大而增大；纤维与基体热膨胀系数的不匹配对摩擦拔出力有直接影响。

Detailed studies are made as follows: Searching the key internal factors which can affects slope stability. According to the geological data which was gained by exploration investigation, establishing a geological model which can reflect rock mass characteristics;With analyzing the internal and exterior factors synthetically, the deformation and possible failure mechanism and mode of the cut slopes was confirmed which combines with stereoic projection and other techniques;The stabilities of the 14 high slopes are estimated synthetically by applicable design codes and guidelines. With the estimate result and some other analysis methods, the rock mass mechanical parameters of slope are identified;As a results, 14 high slopes fall into 4 categories based on rockmass characteristics and discontinuities. The stability and deformation of some typical slopes was analyzed with distinct element method by UDEC;The safety factor of some dangerous slopes are calculated by rigid limiting equilibrium method for coMParison.

首先着重研究影响边坡稳定性的内在因素，主要是通过地质勘探、测量、现场观测等手段取得研究区地质体的基础地质资料，建立起能够反映地质体结构特征的地质模型；随后综合分析潜在的内外部影响因素，并结合赤平投影对边坡可能的失稳模式或破坏机制作出判断；运用已有岩体质量分类方法对沿线14个高陡边坡稳定性进行初步的评价，并结合试验研究、经验判断、工程类比等手段确定了坡体的岩体力学参数；根据稳定性初步评价结果将研究区14个高陡边坡按开挖方式分为4大类，并利用离散元程序UDEC对各类典型高陡边坡进行了稳定性计算分析；对潜在危险边坡利用刚体极限平衡法求出了不同工况下的安全系数。

The prior cycles with higher axial stress and larger strain range greatly restrains ratchetting strain of subsequent cycling with lower ones. Creep behavior plays an important role in the ratchetting strain and its influence on ratchetting behavior can not be neglected. Fracture morphology characteristics of two kinds of materials were investigated by scanning electron microscope. It shows that failure of material A is induced by cavitation and that of material B is induced by decohesion. For material A, with the decreasing strain amplitude the fracture surface shows more larger diameter globular particles under uniaxial loading and can be seen more obvious and deep crack under multiaxial loading. However for material B, with the decreasing strain amplitude fracture surface shows larger and larger scalelike shape and becomes more smooth under uniaxial loading, but fracture surface under multiaxial loading looks like more smooth than that of uniaxial loading, and shows gradually wave-like morphology.

通过扫描电子显微镜研究表明：材料A为空穴引起的失效，材料B为剥离导致疲劳破坏；随着载荷幅值的减小，材料A在单轴载荷下，断口表面浮出更多更大直径的球状颗粒，而多轴载荷下，可以看到很深的裂纹；随着载荷幅值的减小，材料B在单轴载荷下，断口表面鱼鳞片越来越大，表面越来越平整，而多轴载荷与单轴载荷相比，断口表面看上去更加平整，并且随着载荷幅值的减小，断口逐渐呈现波浪形貌；通过微观的傅立叶变换红外光谱分析，结果表明随着应变幅值的增加，无论载荷是单轴还是多轴状态下，橡胶材料吸光度比值随着幅值的增加而增加，这说明体系中的结晶含量也随之增加。

The relationship between elastic strain energy and the reduction coefficient can be used as criteria in slope stability analysis using strength reduction method.

研究结果表明：采用强度折减法，当边坡处于稳定状态时，折减系数增大引起边坡变形增大，导致边坡体弹性应变能随之增大；但是，边坡岩土体能够承受的弹性应变能是有极限的，当折减系数增大到某一值时，边坡体的弹性应变能达到极限，再增大折减系数将导致边坡失稳破坏；边坡体弹性应变能与折减系数服从指数关系；利用弹性应变能与折减系数关系曲线得到的边坡安全系数与采用其他经典的方法所得边坡安全系数基本一致，弹性应变能随折减系数变化而变化的规律可以作为边坡稳定性强度折减法分析的失稳判据。

The findings indicate that under uniaxial compression, the red sandstones at first experience structural intensification and then structural degradation until they are failed; the unconfined compressive strength of red sandstone is mainly related with compaction rate, pore distribution and connecting condition of mineral grains; and the above factors have a more notable impact on the unconfined compressive strength of red sandstone with the increase of weathering; with the increase of load, the grains area ratio and Euler number decrease, the pore develops towards centralization or collectivization, and the red sandstones gradually lose their resistance to deformation.

研究结果表明：在单轴压缩条件下，红砂岩先结构强化，后结构劣化，直至最终破坏；红砂岩的单轴抗压强度主要与密实程度、微孔洞等缺陷的分布情况及矿物颗粒之间的联结状态有关，随着红砂岩风化程度的增强，以上各因素对其单轴抗压强度的影响将更加显著；伴随荷载的增加，红砂岩的矿物颗粒面积比例及欧拉数总体上趋于减小，孔隙向着集中化和集团化的趋势发展，红砂岩抗变形能力逐步丧失。

Beijingensis under three droughttreatments, normal, moderate and severe stresses. The results showed:(1) the canker disease ofboth cultivars was serious gradually with increased drought;(2) the bark tissue cells sufferedplasmolysis, more evident with the severity of drought stress;(3) under the drought andinoculation with B. dothidea, cells of two cultivars damaged at different degree, mailyrepresented in the changes of organelles, such as chloroplast swollen and distorted, number ofmitochondria increased and membrane system indistinct; then organelles suffered furtherdamagement with inoculation time, thinned mitochondrias stroma, decreased cristae, crumpledand partly broken membrane of chloroplasts with stroma exosmosis. At last, the chloroplastspartly disorganized;(4) the hyphae growed mainly intercellular in resistant cultivar and notonly intercellular but also intracellular in susceptible cultivar, which directly caused thenecrosis of cells;(5) under the severe drought, the damage of cells enhanced the infection ofpathogen and drought and pathogen stressed together and promoted the disease development;the damage from pathogen on cells was more serious than that from drought.

结果显示：(1)随着干旱胁迫程度的增加，2种杨树溃疡病害发生渐趋严重；(2)干旱胁迫下，杨树树皮组织细胞发生质壁分离，并随胁迫程度的增加而严重；(3)干旱胁迫下接种病原菌，2种杨树细胞发生不同程度的损伤，主要表现为细胞器发生较大变化，如出现叶绿体肿胀变形、线粒体数量增多，质膜模糊不清等现象；随接种时间的延长，细胞器受到进一步损伤，叶绿体被膜折皱，严重时局部破裂，基质外渗，并部分最终解体；(4)毛白杨中的菌丝主要在细胞间隙中穿行，而北京杨的菌丝除在细胞间隙中生长之外，侵入细胞内部也较多，直接导致细胞的解体；(5)干旱胁迫下细胞的损伤促进了病原菌的侵染，干旱和病原菌的双重胁迫加剧了病害的发生程度，并且病原菌侵染对细胞的破坏程度大于水分胁迫。

The main results of the study are obtained as follows:1 In order to analyze and study the physical and mechanical characteristics of Lianyungang marine soft clay deeply, large numbers of basic mechanical characteristics tests and tri-axial shear tests are completed.2 In order to investigate the loaded and failure characteristics of the cement-soil, the cement-soils for the different ratio and different cure time are studied in the laboratory, and their unconfined compression tests and tri-axial shear tests are performed.3 Based on the solution of one-dimension consolidation, the one-dimension consolidation of the double-layered foundation is solved for two-grade loading in virtue of transcendental equation; Simultaneously, the one-dimension consolidation of the double-layered foundation is solved by means of Laplace transform for two-grade loading, and Stehfest numerical transform is applied in Laplace's inverse transformation; Furthermore, according to the practical foundation shapes, the consolidation models of the soil between piles and the substratum are built and solved respectively.4 The effect of each parameters on the consolidation of the double-layered foundation is discussed, and the solution of load transfer method for double-layered foundation is applied in A1-A4 section of Lian-Xu expressway. The results of calculating settlement of the double-layered consolidation theory are basic agreement with the measuring settlement results.

取得了以下几方面的研究成果：1针对连云港海相软土进行一维固结和三轴剪切试验，深入分析连云港海相软土的物理力学特性。2模拟水泥土搅拌桩施工，在室内制备不同配比、不同龄期的水泥土试样，并进行无侧限抗压试验和三轴剪切试验，揭示水泥土的受力特性及破坏特性。3运用超越方程，以双层地基一维固结解析解为基础，推导出二级加荷条件下双层地基的固结解析解；同时，通过荷载传递法并借助Laplace变换对双层地基的固结问题进行了数值求解；此外，根据实际的地基结构，建立了桩间土和下卧层的固结模型并分别进行求解分析。4分析探讨了双层地基中各参数对双层地基固结的影响程度，并运用荷载传递法的解答计算了连-徐高速公路A1-A4标水泥土搅拌桩处理段的六个断面，计算结果与实测数据有较好的一致性。

Combining together other experimental constraints, such as those from B→X〓γ and g-2 of muon, ranges of these CP violating phases can be further constrained but still large enough to be interesting.

诸如B→X〓γ和μ子的g—2之类的其他的实验结果可以对CP破坏相位的参数空间作出进一步的限制，但是被限制后的参数空间仍然很大而且可以提供有趣的物理预言。

On the one hand the Orientalist consciously or unconsciously attempts to control and manipulate the process of dialogue and communication, on the other hand they are frustrated again and again because they meet the elastic resistance of the sophisticated and wise India civilization. As a result, the contact and the communication between the West and the East were spoiled, suspended and even aborted, making both sides frustrated and upset.

通过条分缕析的文本分析，暴露在这个过程中作为政治霸权与文化霸权的殖民者，一方面对双方之间的对话与交流进行有意无意的策划、操纵；一方面他们的操纵过程又因为受到古老印度文明的"软性"抵抗而不断受到挫折，因此使这些接触、交流和试图进行的所谓"东方"与"西方"的"联结"或被"悬置"或被破坏，其结果只能以不愉快甚至于导致冲突而告终。

The main research work and its results are: 1Empirical results are analysed for the relations of fault displacement and earthquake magnitude, and difference between permanent ground deformation and maxium dynamic relative displacement on the two sides of fault; 2An analytic method is proposed for resopnse of a buried pipeline due to earthquake fault movement; 3A new shell model with an equivalent boundary and relted finite element analysis method are proposed for estimating response of a buried pipeline under large fault movement; 4By the proposed method, damage performance of water supply steel pipelines with large diameter is simulated to the real cases in Kocaeli Earthquake and Ji-Ji Earthquake, and simulating results show the real failure mode of pipes is revealed; 5Effects of overlying soil and soft/hard interlayers are analyzed on ground rupture mode and degree due to earthquake fault, and some earthquake rupture phenomena in soil layers are theoretically described for the first time; 6Pipeline response characters are discussed for the case of considering effects of soil layers on ground rupture mode; 7Research results and proposed method are applied in seismic analysis of pipline acrossing fault in the Gas Tansportation Project from West to East in China.

主要工作和成果包括：1）分析了不同断层位错形式下地表破裂位错量与震级之间的经验关系，并基于集集地震近断层记录分析了断层两侧永久地面变形和地震动相对位移幅值之间的差别，为合理地考虑地震断层位错地面变形动态影响提供了依据；2）发展了断层位错地面大变形下管线反应分析模型并给出物理概念明确、简单实用的解析分析方法；3）建立了断层位错下埋地管线反应分析的等效边界壳模型有限元方法，方法中引入了以非线性弹簧形式模拟离断层较远处管段影响的等效边界，简化了计算模型并突出了近断层处管体反应；4）利用等效边界壳模型方法，对土耳其地震和集集地震中大口径埋地管线震害进行了模拟，结果表明所提方法可以更清地解释震害所表现的管体破坏特征；5）研究了覆盖土层和软硬夹层的存在对断层位错地面破裂形式和程度的影响，首次从理论上解释了某些地震地表破裂现象；6）探讨了考虑土层对断层位错地面变形影响的管体反应特征；7）本项目成果已在西气东输工程的管道跨断层抗震问题分析中得到了应用。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。