破坏应力

Thirdly, surrounding rock deformation and failure process of layered rock mass in high geo-stress was reappeared through the physical models with different dip angle of rock stratum, and the stress change and failure discipline in the direction of vertical to bedding plane was definitely determined.

根据共和隧道砂质页岩的力学性质，运用相似理论，构筑不同倾角层状岩体的物理模型，研究了高应力条件下层状岩体围岩应力变化及变形破坏过程特征，确定了层状岩体在垂直于层面方向上围岩应力变化规律及破坏形态，揭示了深埋隧道层状岩体的破坏机理；物理模型实验研究得到的围岩应力变化规律及破坏特征与数值模拟分析的结果基本一致，同时也验证了横观各向同性弹塑性本构模型的正确性。

And the results indicated that the breaking stress parameters of the Arundo donax L.

结果表明，芦竹破坏应力参数接近毛竹，远大于玉米、小麦等茎秆的破坏应力参数，芦竹的机械化收割不宜采用传统的切割器。

Five main phenomena were found, firstly, the high plasticity clay could well suitable to large deformation, and had strain-hardening behavior obviously, as well as, the little dilatancy; secondly, there was no correlation between stress paths and shear strength but the stress-strain relations were influenced by stress paths; thirdly, the little stress increment ratio, the higher increase speeding of shear stress and breaking strength under the condition of same initial normal stress; the fourth, the relations between normal strain and normal stress in simple shear test was consistent with which in the single-direction compression test, if there was no dilatancy; the last, the curve of relation between stress ratio and shear strain could be well simulated by hyperbola.

试验结果表明，高塑性粘土能够较好地适应大变形，接触面剪应力与切向应变关系呈剪切硬化型曲线，法向剪胀不明显；接触面剪切强度与应力路径无关，应力应变关系与应力路径密切相关；初始法向应力一定，应力增量比越小，剪应力增长越快，对应的破坏剪应力也越高；无剪胀发生情况下，法向应变与法向应力关系曲线与单向压缩试验具有一致性；应力比与切向应变呈良好的双曲线关系。

Based on the elastoplastic theory and test data under the plane strain condition, it is assumed that the relationships between the principal stresses in plane strain direction and those in the other directions are bilinear.

建议的主应力关系体现土体在平面应变条件下的变形机制，在b-R坐标内通过3个关键点：初始点（1，1）、一维固结应力状态点、破坏应力状态点。

And the results indicate that the principal stress directions in study area are mainly NE-SW, and the second substage tectonic twist made the direction deflect from North to East, but the primary direction changed little; tectonic activities during the O〓～S～D stage is some violent, most of the area are under high stresses status, and rock fracture degree is correspondingly higher, as coinciding with the drill cores observation, i.

通过数值分析，模拟了塔中Ⅰ号断裂带和塔中45井三维模拟区O〓灰岩的构造应力场和应变场，结果表明：研究区主应力方向为北东～南西向，第二期的构造扭动使其由北向东发生了一定的偏转，但总的方位变化不大；O〓～S～D时期，塔中地区构造运动较强，研究区大部分处于高应力状态，岩石破裂程度较高，而岩芯观察结果也证实了这一结果，即O〓灰岩地层中早期形成的构造结构面比较发育，单个结构面的规模也较大；C～P时期，岩石的破坏程度较早期有所提高，主要表现在两个方面，一是各局部区岩石的破坏程度普遍有所提高；二是各个级别破裂区的分布范围相应地扩大了；研究区应力分布表现出明显的不均匀性，特别是剪应力，无论是O〓～S～D时期，还是C～P时期，都有很大的差异性，特别是在小断层的端部，剪应力比较集中，而且在断层的两盘，剪应力方向和大小都变化极快。

This article mainly simulates gradually damage destruction process of rock, major in determinationg the definition of rock three-dimensional damage tensor, simplify to the damage tensor and obtain its engineering calculation method, and obtains the basic expression form of equivalent stress by equivalent stress assumption, symmetrization to the actual stress, thus obtains construction relation of the festival principle of three-dimensional damage rock mass, finally couples elasticity- plasticity with damage in the finite element equation, with reference to elasticity-plasticity gradually degenerated method thought, simulates rock damage to advance gradually the destruction process in finite element method, draws up elasticity - plasticity and damage coupling two-dimension finite element procedure with the C language in the VC contact surface, by simulating experiment destroyed process, acquires destruction image and the axial load distortion curve of model, agreement with the experimental result.

本文主要模拟岩石渐进损伤破坏过程，确定岩石三维损伤张量的定义，对损伤张量进行简化计算并得出其工程计算方法，采用等效应力假设得出有效应力的基本表达形式，对有效应力进行对称化，得出节理损伤岩体的三维本构关系，在有限元方程中实现弹塑性和损伤耦合；借鉴弹塑性渐进退化方法的思想，采用有限元的方法模拟岩石损伤渐进破坏过程，用C++语言在VC界面编制了弹塑性和损伤耦合的二维有限元程序，通过模拟已有的实验破坏过程，得出模型的破坏图像和轴向荷载变形曲线，与实验结果基本一致。

Using FEM, the coupled action of thermal stress and crustal stress has been taken into account. The regularities of distribution of the horizontal displacement of surface of slope and the shear stress of junction plane between shotcrete and rock are discussed too. According to the analysis, under the combined action of thermal stress and crustal stress, top and foot of slope are liable to be destructed. Ordinary, the destructional form of the top is tensile failure and the bottom is shear failure. There are some time effect of displacement and stress in the surface of slope and distribution of temperature in slope, which agrees with actual measured rules.

采用有限元的方法，考虑地应力与温度应力的耦合作用，分析了在一定的边界温度作用下不同时刻边坡喷层面的水平位移，以及喷层与岩层结合面处的剪应力的分布规律；指出在温度应力与地应力的共同作用下，喷混凝土边坡坡顶与坡脚均为容易发生破坏的地方，通常坡顶的破坏型式为拉张破坏而坡脚则为剪切破坏；边坡内的温度分布、边坡表面的位移与应力的变化均存在一定的时间效应，这一规律与实测规律比较吻合。

It is shown that the strengths for frozen pastes are increased in relation to unfrozen ones. The increment of the strengths is raised with increasing the content of freezable water and decreasing freezing temperature.

为了评价破坏应力的大小，研究了不同水灰比的硬化水泥浆体在不同冻结温度下抗压强度和抗折强度的变化，发现冻结状态下浆体的强度有所增加，并且可冻水量越多，冻结温度越低，强度增长越显著。

Thus normal bricks will be degraded and spalled easily by the fluctuation of temperature during the operation of the rotary kiln.

由于回转窑运转时，每天处于一千多次的200～400℃的温度波动中，因此对窑衬产生很大的破坏应力，使衬砖剥落破坏。

To reveal the complicated stress state of masonry structure in project and the effect of normal stress on shearing behavior,failure form and shearing strength,the shearing strength was obtained through experiments on 54 pieces of minitype sand-lime autoclaved aerated concrete masonry subjected to different normal stress.

为了解砌体结构在实际工程中所处的剪压复合的复杂受力状态，作用在砌体上的正应力对砌体的抗剪性能、砌体的剪切破坏形态及其对砌体抗剪强度的影响，对54个小型灰砂蒸压加气混凝土砌体进行静力抗剪试验，通过施加不同的正应力得到相应的抗剪强度；分析其破坏机理，归纳得出剪摩、剪压、斜压等破坏形态，并与砖砌体的破坏形态进行比较；根据试验结果回归分析得到灰砂蒸压加气混凝土砌体的静力剪压相关性曲线，与砖砌体的剪压相关性曲线进行对比分析，得到两者的异同；在静力剪压相关性曲线的基础上，依据变摩擦系数的剪摩理论，提出灰砂蒸压加气混凝土砌体静力抗剪强度的建议公式，并对摩擦系数进行了简化

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷