砧骨

The SSD of ossicles showed the malleus, incus, stapes, malleoincudial joint, and incuostapedial joint clearly.

结果 高分辨率CT清晰地显示了耳部微小病灶，明确了病变范围与周围结构的关系，听小骨的SSD对锤骨、砧骨、橙骨、锤砧关节、砧镫关节的显示有着极高的逼真性，颞骨矢状斜位极好地显示了面神经的破坏部位，为临床制定手术方案提供了有力的影像学依据。

Results: The satisfactory MPR images of cochlea, bony semicircular canals, internal auditory meatus and other intratemporal structures can be obtained. The SSD images could show some important bony marks of temporal bone and spatial relationships between them clearly. On coronal plane, SSD images can vividly demonstrate the shape and spatial relationships of malleus and incus. A series images were obtained as the virtual endoscope moved from the external auditory canal to the middle ear cavity.

结果：MPR能在不同切面显示耳蜗、半规管、内耳道及面神经管垂直段等结构，显示率为100%；SSD能清晰显示颞骨重要的骨性结构，如内耳门、颈静脉孔等，冠状位切割后的SSD图像能生动地显示锤骨、砧骨的立体形态及空间关系；CTVE可模仿内窥镜从外耳向中耳移动，清晰显示骨性外耳道、鼓室内侧壁及听骨链等结构。

RESULTS Cochlea,semicircular canal,scutum,internal auditory canal,vertical segment of facial nerve canal were clearly shown in all cases by different slices of MPR images.3D CT can vividly demonstrate the shape and spatial relation-ships of malleus and incus.

三维CT能生动地显示锤骨、砧骨的立体形态及空间关系。

Review articles only; ear; acoustic; hearing loss; deafness; ototoxicity; otorhinolaryngeal; vestibulocochlear; cochlea; sound; bioacoustics; organ of Corti; semicircular canals; cochlear implants; binaural; monaural; tympanic; malleus; incus; stapes; ear drum; geniculate; inner ear hair cells; outer hair cells; round window; oval window

唯一综述；听觉；声学的；听力损失聋的；耳毒性；otorhinolaryngeal；前庭蜗；耳蜗；声音；生物声学的；柯替氏器；半规管；耳蜗植入管；两耳的；单耳的；鼓膜的；锤骨；砧骨；镫骨；耳鼓；膝状的；内耳毛细胞；外毛细胞；圆窗；卵圆窗

Ear; acoustic; hearing loss; deafness; ototoxicity; otorhinolaryngeal; vestibulocochlear; cochlea; sound; bioacoustics; organ of Corti; semicircular canals; cochlear implants; binaural; monaural; tympanic; malleus; incus; stapes; ear drum; geniculate; inner ear hair cells; outer hair cells; round window; oval window

听觉；声学的；听力损失；聋的；耳毒性；otorhinolaryngeal；前庭蜗；耳蜗；声音；生物声学的；柯替氏器；半规管；耳蜗植入管；两耳的；单耳的；鼓膜的；锤骨；砧骨；stapes；耳鼓；膝状的；内耳毛细胞；外毛细胞；圆窗；卵圆窗

Thirst is an impediment for crawling hooves across the Sahara, eyes are stars breakfast among the dunes shifting ridges, windy nudges challenging our camels, their throaty calls streaking across the terrain, a dust storm spirals from the sky, creates a stamping on the ground, the measure of sun's anvil.

横越撒哈拉大沙漠，对于爬行的足蹄，干渴是一大障碍，眼是星辰早餐，在层层沙丘不断变幻的峰脊之间，风力绵绵，挑战着我们的骆驼，他们喉头发出嘶叫，刮过地貌，一场沙尘暴盘旋，由天而降，重创出一条印迹在地上，留作太阳砧骨的标记。

For bats to listen to the echoes of their original emissions and not be temporarily deafened by the intensity of their own calls, the middle ear muscle contracts to separate the three bones there, the malfeasances and stapes,and reduce the hearing sensitivity.

对蝙蝠来说，为了听到它们最初发出的声音的回音并不被它们自己的声音强度暂时震聋，中耳肌肉收缩将那里的锤骨、砧骨和镫骨分开并减小听觉的敏感度。注意，注意力集中

Result: may clearly demonstrate using mip to the auditory bone chain that, to the malleus, the anvil, the stirrup bone and firstmay achieve 100% demonstration,ledger wall partial demonstrations.

结果：运用mip对听骨链可以清楚显示，对锤骨、砧骨、镫骨头及前后角可达到100%显示，镫骨底板部分显示。

The important and perpetual anatomic landmarks looking for facial nerve in the course of operation are horizontal semicircular canal,digastric ridge,facial recess,cochleariform process,tarin foramen, arcuate eminence and foramen spinosum.

经乳突联合颅中窝径路行面神经手术时，二腹肌嵴、外半规管凸、砧骨短突、面神经隐窝、匙突、弓状隆起、棘孔、面神经管裂孔为该手术径路中寻找面神经的恒定的、重要的解剖标志。

The important and perpetual anatomic landmarks looking for facial nerve in the course of operation are horizontal semicircular canal,digastric ridge,facial recess,cochleariform process,tarin foramen, arcuate eminence and foramen spinosum.

二腹肌嵴、外半规管凸、砧骨短突、面神经隐窝、匙突、弓状隆起、棘孔、面神经管裂孔为该手术径路中寻找面神经的恒定的、重要的解剖标志。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。