研究语言学

Influential theories, notions and techniques developed in the Western tradition have been introduced into the studies of the Chinese language since the late 19th century, as represented by the works of Ma Jianzhong, Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren, Chao Yuen Ren and Lü Shu- xiang, and have since formed an integral part of modern Chinese linguistics.

1988年底，《国外语言学》编辑部在北京槐树岭举办第二届编辑工作研讨会，会议主题是"国外语言学理论与方法应用于汉语的成果、动态和设想"。与会者就该主题进行了热烈地讨论，会上提出的一些观点，学界后来屡有述评。十七年过去了，中国的语言学研究又取得了长足的进步，《国外语言学》也改名为《当代语言学》。

Since 1970s foreign linguists in the fields of neurolinguisitics, clinical linguistics, psycholinguistics, and cognitive linguistics, had started the investigation into the linguistical characteristics of stuttering.

从70年代开始国外已经有语言学家对口吃的语言学特征进行分析研究，所涉及的学科包括神经语言学、病理语言学、心理语言学以及认知语言学等。

In the aspect of the Philosophy of Language, Montague Grammar inherited Frege's theory of meaning, Russell's theory of reference, Carnap's theory of verification, Goodman's Modern Realism, Tarski's theory of truth, Kripke's semantics of possible worlds of modal logic, etc, and opens up a new direction in the study of Formal Semantics of natural language; in the aspect of Theoretic Linguistics, Montague was influenced by Chomsky's research idea about the formal treatment of the syntax in natural language and extended it to the semantic study of natural language; Montague Grammar has two theoretic sources: One is the Logical Semantics and Intensional Type Theory in Logic, and the other is Categorial Grammar and Transformative Generative Grammar in Linguistics.

在语言哲学方面它继承了弗雷格的意义论，罗素的指称论，卡尔纳曾的实证主义，古德曼的现代实在论，塔斯基的语义学真理论，克里普克的模态逻辑可能世界语义学的传统，开辟了自然语言形式语义学研究的新方向；在理论语言学方面，他受乔姆斯基形式化语言研究思想的影响，并把这一思想扩展到自然语言的语义研究方面；蒙太格语法的理论来源有两个方面：逻辑方面是逻辑语义学思想和内涵类型论理论，语言学方面是范畴语法和转换生成语法。

The booming of contrastive linguistics in 1950s gives rise to a new approach to the study of languages.

二十世纪50年代对比语言学的兴起为语言学研究提供了新的研究方法和研究思路。

This thesis attempts to make a research from a comparative perspective and a textual perspective on cohesive and coherence, which are two standards of textuality.

将翻译研究与语言学和语篇语言学相联系，旨在讨论寻求语言学理论研究对翻译活的启示和指导。

On the one hand Ma indagates Yi language with the modern linguistic theory and method; on the other hand he combines the research on Yi's sutras and the background of Yi's social culture.

马学良一方面用现代语言学的理论与方法调查研究彝语，另一方面又把彝族典籍研究和彝族的社会文化背景结合起来，&经俗互释&，既为彝语语言学研究开辟了一条新的途径，也进一步确立了彝族研究学术的专门化和学术研究的自觉意识。

Based on the theories of language variation and lexical diffusion, this paper describes and analyzes the variation and change of Xuanhua dialect from various angles. It combines not only the diverse methods of descriptive linguistics, linguistic geography and sociolinguistics, but also the data of apparent time and real time.

本文在综合运用描写语言学、地理语言学和社会语言学等学科理论与方法的基础上，以语言变异理论与词汇扩散理论为理论依据，将显像时间研究材料和真实时间研究材料结合起来，对宣化方言变异与变化问题进行多角度描写、分析与研究。

The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics.

把语言学研究作为一个整体而进行的全面的语言学研究一般被称为普通语言学。

A survey of language teaching and research in China shows that special attention has been paid to the study of particular linguistics rather than that of general linguistics and that this practice hinders the progress and development of linguistics as a unified science in China.

在我国目前的语言学教学和研究中，人们把重点主要放在个别语言学的教学和研究上，这样势必忽视对普通语言学的研究，这种做法的后果是外语语言学界&老谈隔壁人家的事情&和&外语界同汉语界不相往来&。

It also plays an important role in other fields,such as text linguistics,sociolinguistics and cognitive linguistics.

随着语境研究的发展，语境已经越出了普通语言学的范畴，在其它领域中也扮演着重要的角色，如语篇语言学、社会语言学和认知语言学等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。