研究心理学

If we want to make an effective and rational study of national psychology and a cross-cultural study between national bodies,we must first of all define the basis on which to make the studies as well as the comparisons.

民族心理学研究中一个很大的特色就是跨文化研究，这种研究首先要解决的问题就是在比较研究中研究等值的确定。

Through the discussion of the study history of memory, the research problems and the significance of this study were brought forward, the concept of memory was clarified, the latest research of brain science was reviewed; On this basis, memory types and its measurement, memory process and its rules were studied documentarily and generalized systematically; This research analysed emphatically and concluded general and special methods of memory, the functions, usage means and applied scopes of many kinds of scientific memory methods were explored deeply with some typical psychology experimental results; Then affects of objective factors included external environment and material characteristics, subjective factors such as purpose, attention, emotion, knowledge, confidence and so on , were examined deeply; At last, it studied and analysed the cultivation and training of memory, practical usage of scientific memory methods, and put forward educational suggestions and training measures.

首先从记忆的研究历史切入本研究的问题背景与研究意义，阐明了记忆的概念、综述了记忆脑科学方面的最新进展；在此基础上，对记忆的分类与测量、基本过程与规律进行了文献研究与系统概括；着重分析并归结出了记忆的一般方法与特殊方法，结合代表性的心理学实验成果深入分析了各种科学记忆方法的功用、具体操作方法及应用范围；深入剖析了外部情境、材料特征等客观因素及目的、注意、情绪、知识、信心等主观因素对记忆的影响；最后在先前诸研究的基础上，对记忆的培养与训练及记忆术的实际应用加以分析和研究，提出了记忆培养训练的具体措施与教育建议，并实例说明了记忆术的具体应用。

Behaviourism – Behaviourists, such as John Watson, were extremely critical of all the approaches that concerned themselves with 'mind', and proposed that psychology should only investigate observable behaviour if it wanted to be an objective science.

行为主义——以华生为代表的行为主义者们猛烈批判了所有关注&意识&的心理学流派，并主张，如果心理学想要成为一门客观的自然科学的话，它就只应该研究可观察的行为。

With the recent development of psychology and literary psychology,we have had a more profound understanding of synaesthesia in theory,and carried out a deeper study on it.

现今随着心理学、文艺心理学的发展，在理论上对通感现象的认识，也有了深入的研究。

Namely,we should define the equivalence which we can make a comparative study of or a cross-cultural study of on the basis of methodology by building a platform of researching the equivalences of different nations so that we can make the study of national psychology there.

本文从跨文化研究出发，介绍了民族心理学研究中的跨文化研究以及研究中的功能等值、概念等值、语言等值以及公制等值四方面等值的确定，以期引起学者们对跨文化研究中研究等值确定的重视。

Namely, we should define the equivalence which we can make a comparative study of or a cross-cultural study of on the basis of methodology by building a platform of researching the equivalences of different nations so that we can make the study of national psychology there.

本文从跨文化研究出发，介绍了民族心理学研究的跨文化研究以及研究中的功能等值、概念等值、语言等值以及公制等值四方面等值的确定，以期引起学者们对跨文化研究中研究等值确定的重视。

If we want to make an effective and rational study of national psychology and a cross-cultural study between national bodies, we must first of all define the basis on which to make the studies as well as the comparisons. Namely, we should define the equivalence which we can make a comparative study of or a cross-cultural study of on the basis of methodology by building a platform of researching the equivalences of different nations so that we can make the study of national psychology there.

要有效而合理地进行民族心理学研究、进行民族族体间的跨文化研究，就必须首先确定这种研究与比较赖以开展的基础，亦即在方法论上对可以进行对比研究或跨文化研究的等值予以确定，搭建一个研究不同民族的等值平台，在这个平台上开展民族心理的研究。

Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the abnormal behaviour and functioning of organism.

心理学是研究有机体的*行为和功能的心理学分支。

Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the abnormal behaviour and functioning of organism.

变态心理学是研究有机体的变态行为和功能的心理学分支。

Therefore, reviewing theory base on nationality ideas of Kodaly Zoltan, Karl orff and Emile Jaques-Dalcroze these three music education systems as a cut-in point, firstly use psychology, sociology and philosophy as basic theory to process macrocosmic comparative argumentation to three system music education ideas, then process microcosmic theoretic logic discursion to a few basic fields which influence sight singing and ear training course teaching aim, teaching content, teaching implementation and teaching valuation to confirm most correlative and effective information sources of teaching practice based on nation musicality of sight singing and ear training; once more describe actuality of teaching practice based on nation musicality of sight singing and ear training in our country and demonstrate these basic subjects (psychology, sociology and philosophy) with sight singing and ear training teaching relations and actual meanings of music teaching to further propose development direction and actual problems faced with teaching practice based on nation musicality of sight singing and era training in our country.

由于音乐学科教育学研究与哲学、美学、社会学、心理学、教育学、物理学、历史学、民族学等多种学科有着密切的联系和交叉，因此，从考察柯达伊、奥尔夫、达尔克罗兹(Emile Jaques-Dalcroze)三个音乐教育体系民族性理念的理论基础作为切入点，首先从宏观上对三个体系的音乐教育理念进行以心理学、社会学和哲学为基础理论的比较论证；继而从微观上对影响以视唱练耳课民族性教学的目标、教学内容、教学实施、教学评价的一些基本领域进行理论上的逻辑推理，确定与视唱练耳民族音感教学实践最相关的和最有效的信息来源；再对我国视唱练耳民族音感教学实践现状进行描述，论证这些基础学科与视唱练耳教学的种种关系及对音乐教学的实际含义，进一步提出我国视唱练耳民族音感教学实践所面临的具体问题和发展方向。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。