研究工程

Along with energy crisis and worsened environment becoming more and more intensively, gas-vehicle receives the unprecedented recognition because of its less emissions, more economical and saving petroleum resource. The research and utilization of gas-vehicle develop quickly all over world. Of course, automotive fuel changing from gasoline and diesel into gas fuel is also carried out blazingly everywhere in our country.

中文题名燃气汽车发动机燃烧特性及工作性能研究副题名外文题名 Study on combustion characteristics and performances of automotive engine by gas fuel 论文作者詹樟松导师夏来庆教授学科专业动力机械及工程研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位浙江大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数132页关键词汽车发动机燃气汽车发动机燃烧馆藏号BSLW /2001 /U464 /32 随着能源危机和生态恶化日益严重，燃气（主要指压缩天然气和液化石油气）汽车以其优良的排放、良好的经济性以及能够部分替代紧张的石油资源而受到了空前重视，世界范围内燃气汽车的研究和应用也随之空前高涨。

After analyzing the basic information of the ecological engineering construction, the spatial and temporal scale, and monitoring index, the 1m IKONOS image and 2.5m SPOT5 image were introdueced as data sources, the methodology of RPC modeling and GCP optimitiaztion as modification to the interpretation, the AHP used in determining combination of multi-light specrum and the whole band wave, the virtue reality technique monitoring the classification and recognation, variable cluster allocation coeffiecents and its adaptation in spatial and imaged attributs in the research on water and siol conservation subtracting the least pathches of the area. The final stage is to subtract the information via human and computer interactive to interpret and monitor the classification in the study assisted with GPS, field identification and construction supervision.

在对研究样区水土保持生态建设情况和监测尺度及监测指标分析的基础上，选择1m分辨率的IKONOS影像和2.5m分辨率的SPOT5影像为监测遥感数据源；采用"RPC模型+GCP优化"方法进行高分辨率遥感影像正射纠正；用主成分分析法进行遥感影像全色波段与多光谱图像融合；用虚拟现实技术进行高分辨率遥感影像监督分类模板定义研究，用不同大不的聚类处理参数并在研究水土保持生态建设措施的空间特征和影像特征的基础上，确定提取水土保持生态建设信息的最小图斑参数值；最后用全数字人机交互解译和监督分类提取研究样区水土保持生态建设信息，并结合GPS现场验证和工程监理成果对监测结果进行分析评价。

Before the research, we carried out the project of"CoEditor: A Cooperative Editing System", for the contrast between CoEditor and Editor is easy to do and can be used to explain the differences between human-human interaction and human-computer interaction clearly.

在研究模型之前，我们首先进行了"协同编辑系统CoEditor"项目的研究，因CoEditor和一般编辑软件很容易对比，能较好地解释人-人交互与人-机交互之间的差异；"八六三"子项目"支持并行工程的计算机会议系统"的研究，更深化了我们对人-人交互界面的认识；这些项目的研发工作，为我们开展界面模型的研究奠定了基础。

Detailed studies are made as follows: Searching the key internal factors which can affects slope stability. According to the geological data which was gained by exploration investigation, establishing a geological model which can reflect rock mass characteristics;With analyzing the internal and exterior factors synthetically, the deformation and possible failure mechanism and mode of the cut slopes was confirmed which combines with stereoic projection and other techniques;The stabilities of the 14 high slopes are estimated synthetically by applicable design codes and guidelines. With the estimate result and some other analysis methods, the rock mass mechanical parameters of slope are identified;As a results, 14 high slopes fall into 4 categories based on rockmass characteristics and discontinuities. The stability and deformation of some typical slopes was analyzed with distinct element method by UDEC;The safety factor of some dangerous slopes are calculated by rigid limiting equilibrium method for coMParison.

首先着重研究影响边坡稳定性的内在因素，主要是通过地质勘探、测量、现场观测等手段取得研究区地质体的基础地质资料，建立起能够反映地质体结构特征的地质模型；随后综合分析潜在的内外部影响因素，并结合赤平投影对边坡可能的失稳模式或破坏机制作出判断；运用已有岩体质量分类方法对沿线14个高陡边坡稳定性进行初步的评价，并结合试验研究、经验判断、工程类比等手段确定了坡体的岩体力学参数；根据稳定性初步评价结果将研究区14个高陡边坡按开挖方式分为4大类，并利用离散元程序UDEC对各类典型高陡边坡进行了稳定性计算分析；对潜在危险边坡利用刚体极限平衡法求出了不同工况下的安全系数。

The combinatorial and delimitative algorithm can be used to solve the problem. A software called "Power Discrete" to implement this algorithm is developed by using Microsoft Visual6.0. It is a useful tool for linear programming problem with discrete variables and for discrete optimum design of structures, and in addition, the software also includes other algorithms such as genetic algorithm.

在国际上， 20世纪 60年代末期和 70年代初期，研究人员已开始对工程离散变量优化设计问题进行研究，但由于当时对于连续变量的非线性规划问题的研究还不够深入，所以在 70年代和80年代，研究的重点集中于连续变量的非线性规划问题。

He took part in the research on the project of the Nation 863 Plan and the research on divertor physics for EAST superconductor tokamak, the Nation Large Science Project, he was responsible for "synthetic design research of advanced property divertor in fusion reactor" and "research for formative mechanism and properties of naturally diverted layer in a low aspect ratio tokamak fusion reactor" supported by Nation Nature Science Foundation of China.

曾参与国家863计划项目研究和国家大科学工程EAST超导托卡马克偏滤器物理研究，负责主持国家自然科学基金项目"聚变堆高性能偏滤器综合设计研究"和"低环径比托卡马克自然偏滤层形成机理与特性研究"。

According to this argument, similar to one-dimensional two-phase flow, the vapor's drift velocity in multi-dimensional two-phase flow is supposed to be a function of the modified acceleration .

上述研究成果得到了国际同行的高度评价，并据此开辟了分析多维、多成分、多相流漂移流率模型研究的新领域，研究成果对发展多相流数学解析模型有重要的理论意义，在工程上有重要的应用前景，研究工作取得了起过预期目标的重要成果。

In eutherian mammals, XCI is thought to be triggered by the expression of the non-coding Xist RNA from the future inactive X chromosome3, 4, 5; Xist RNA in turn is proposed to recruit protein complexes that bring about heterochromatinization of the Xi6, 7. Here we test whether imprinted XCI, which results in preferential inactivation of the paternal X chromosome, occurs in mouse embryos inheriting an Xp lacking Xist.

在最新一项研究中，美国北卡罗琳娜大学研究人员用小鼠胚胎（研究人员用基因工程方法使这些小鼠在其未来失活的X-染色体上含有一个有缺陷的Xist基因）所做的新的研究工作显示，实际情况更为复杂。

This paper has introduced briefly the good and shortcoming of the GPS technology and machine visual technical in the variable machinery application, and the development status of the variable mechanical based on machine vision's key techniques have been explained in detail, such as light source, capturing dynamic image (CCD camera and image frame grabber), image processing , fast accurate actuator, and so on.

1引言精细农业生产技术是现代农业工程技术的重要标志之一，是利用现代信息技术、机电一体化技术对传统农业机械进行改造的主要方向。研究和开发以"空间差异"准确定位定量操作的"变量"农业机械是今后农业机械化研究的重点方向，其相关技术和设备的研究已成为国际上正在研究的重点课题。

In China,more and more constructions in cold regions appear,Strength and deformationof frozen soil,characteristics of frost heave and thaw collapse have become the major task forcold regional construction.But researches on mechanism of frost heaving are still not maturedowing to complexity of frozen soil,and the current study,thinking little of the freezing andthawing process,mostly focuses on the different physical and mechanical properties betweenfrozen soil and thawed soil.

随着我国寒区工程建设项目的增多，冻土的强度与变形问题以及冻胀融沉特性研究成为面临的最重要任务，但是由于冻土的复杂性，现有的冻胀机理相关研究尚不成熟，大多还是研究已冻土和融土物理力学性质差别，缺乏对正冻正融过程的相关研究。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！