研究地质

Recent developments in the research on the geology and geochemistry of the newly-discovered clayey breccias at the lop of the Xiaochaka Formation in the Juhuashan, Xiaochaka and Shishuihe areas, Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet have disclosed that mineral compositions, textures and structures, occurrences and sectional architectures of the clayey breccias agree well with those of the paleo-weathering crust in these areas. Compared with the bedrocks, the paleo-weathering crust is characterized by the leaching out of CaO and CO2, and relative enrichment of SiO2, Al2 O3, Fe2O3, K2O, Na2O, MnO and P2O5. The clayey weathered residues in the paleo-weathering crust are characterized by marked enrichment of REEs, much higher contents of LREEs than those of HREEs, markedly positive Ce anomalies and negative Eu anomalies, and a noticeable increase in other element contents besides Mo, Sn and U from the clayey weathered residues.

对最近在藏北羌塘盆地菊花山、肖茶卡、石水河等地区新发现的肖茶卡组顶部的粘土质角砾岩的地质、地球化学特征研究表明：其岩石矿物成分、结构构造、角砾层产状及剖面演化序列等与古风化壳的形成及其特征较为一致；相对于基岩，古风化壳的主量元素表现为CaO、CO2的淋失和SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O、Na2O、MnO、P2O5等不同程度的相对富集；古风化壳中的粘土质风化残积层的稀土元素具有明显的富集，表现为LREE含量远大于HREE的特征，存在明显的Ce的正异常以及Eu的负异常；微量元素除Mo、Sn和U外，粘土质风化残积层的其余元素含量均有明显的增加。

The formation and geology research of biogenic gas has been more regarded in recent years.

生物气的成因和地质研究近年来越来越受到人们的关注和重视。

forecast brust water ; mine resistivity tomography ; mine transient electromagnetic method ; radio penetration method

因此，开展矿井水文地质基础理论、矿井水害预测技术及矿井防治水措施研究，已成为目

Based on the results from the Kaiser effect test, disengagement density dislocation test calcspar mineral crystal lattice, and physical simulation results, the numerical simulation models are constructed, and the boundary conditions for simulation analysis is decided.

利用Kaiser效应、方解石矿物晶体的晶格自由密度位错的测试结果，结合物理模拟的结果，建立了研究区数值模拟分析的地质模型，确定了数值分析的边界条件。

Research results:Water bursting in Cangling Tunnel is controlled by the geological conditions in the zone.

研究结果：苍岭隧道施工中发生的突水事故受到地质构造和地下水活动特点的强烈控制，虽然凝灰岩本身不溶于水，但在现代构造应力场的作用下形成的特殊的构造，为地下水的运移和赋存提供了通道和场所，是造成突水的主要原因。

It has been conformed that the products formed during source fracture are actually diversified, and a progressively change from cataclasis to abrasive melting may present during variable source process by geological and experimental studies of the project.

震源过程的地质和实验研究表明，化石地震破裂产物具有实际多样性，从碎裂到摩擦熔融是递进发生的。

The reservoir rock types in the region of interest are grain limestone, algal limestone, cryptite, siltstone, muddy limestone and mudstone. The thesis identified as a result of changes in the deposition causing the heterogeneity in plane, and then the geological oil reserves have been calculated in accordance with the areal heterogeneity.3、Based on the data of core analysis, bore logging, array induction imaging log and FMI, porosity and permeability model were built using regression analysis. Through testing 45 rock samples, a, b, m, n value were obtained and used to calculate single-layer oil saturation value using the Archie formula. According to the theory of laterolog and inductolog, resistivity ratio and cross plot were used to identification effective thickness. Effective thickness was identified delicately in 103 wells. Based on the over work, active porosity and oil saturation was calculated accurately.4、According to observation of 100 pieces of the thin slices, cast thin slices and 383m core in three wells, the chief diagenesis in this area were compaction, cementation, denudation and cataclasis. Cementation and denudation were universally influenced active porosity this area. The intergranular pores, residual pores and secondary pores were formed in thin carbonated reservoir of lacustrine facies.5、The influence of reservoir heterogeneity to reservoir calculation was analyzed systematically using actual data. And the conclusions were as follows:①The principal reason leading to oil distribution unequal is interior structural feature of reservoir in structural hydrocarbon reservoir.

确定了由于沉积微相的变化而导致的平面非均质性，进而在平面上按照平面非均质单元计算了石油地质储量。3、利用岩心分析、常规测井曲线与阵列感应、成像测井资料相结合，分岩性利用回归分析方法建立了储层孔隙度、渗透率模型；通过对45块岩样进行岩电试验，获取了a、b、m、n值，利用阿尔奇公式计算了各单层含油饱和度值；根据侧向电阻率和感应电阻率串并联特性，利用电阻率比值法与常规交会图法相结合重建了有效厚度图版，对全区103口井目的层段进行了有效厚度精细划分，通过以上工作，准确求取了储量计算单元内有效厚度参数、有效孔隙度参数以及含油饱和度参数。4、通过对研究区3口井383m岩心观察，100余块薄片、铸体薄片镜下鉴定得出：油泉子油田上、下油砂山组储层主要成岩作用是压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用和破裂作用，其中溶蚀作用、胶结作用最普遍，这两种作用对有效孔隙度影响最大，以上成岩作用形成了原生粒间孔、粒间残余孔和次生孔隙(如粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、晶间孔等)为主的薄层湖相碳酸盐岩储层。5、利用实际资料，系统分析了油藏非均质对储量计算的影响，认为：①对于构造油气藏而言，油气藏构造及断裂特征是造成油气分布不均的首要原因，储集条件相同的条件下，构造高部位有利于储存油气，油气在垂向的重力分异体现了油气藏内部构造的不均一特征。

Since large quantities of epithermal gold deposits were discovered in Circum-Pacific region in 1970's,it has already become the hot spot of the gold deposits research these days.

自20世纪70年代环太平洋地区发现大批浅成低温热液型金矿以来，浅成低温热液型金矿已经成为当前金矿地质研究的热点，它也是目前世界上最为重要的金矿床类型之一。

Since large quantities of epithermal gold deposit s were discovered in Circum-Pacific region in 1970's,it has already become the hot spot of the gold deposit s research these days.

自20世纪70年代环太平洋地区发现大批浅成低温热液型金矿以来，浅成低温热液型金矿已经成为当前金矿地质研究的热点，它也是目前世界上最为重要的金矿床类型之一。

Cressey is a non-negligible western geographer in Chinese modern geography, who established Geology and Geography Department in Shanghai College, and trained some Chinese geologists and geographers; whose abroad and in-depth fieldworks corrected many errors in Chinese geographic texts; whose Chinese geographic research and works sharpened the understanding of Chinese geography, and promulgated Chinese geographic knowledge.

他在中国的主要活动包括：通过在上海沪江大学创建地质地理系，为中国培养一定的地学人才；他进行了广泛而深入的中国地理考察，并纠正许多中国地理文本上的错误；他的中国地理研究与著述深化了中国地理的认识，并传播了中国地理知识。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。