研究地质

However, when cosmogenic nuclidesare used, as more information as possible about the geological process of the research area should be used inord er to explain the result as reasonable as possible.

只是应该注意，进行这类工作时首先要对研究地区的地质过程有清楚了解，并尽可能与相关资料进行对比，以期对结果给予合理的解释。

It tells particularly the debris flow"s the encironment and the development characteristic by numbers . And according to its character , selecting the latest research results at present , the anthor calculates the debris flow"s the moving , dynamical characteristics and the scale , such as , the velocity of flow , the wallop , the peak value flux , and the total flux . And the anthor calculates density in different design frequency by the empirical formula method . In the text, the author uses the modle of evaluating a single gully to evaluate the risk of the debris flow . First , the author calculates the hazard degree in different design frequency , and forecasts the risk range of debris flow in Shenjia gully based on the maximum pile thickness and the total solid amount of a denbris flow . Then , on the basis of the risk range in different design frequency , the author carries out the damageability and risk assessment . The basic purpose of risk management is reducing risk or transferring risk , reducing the loss of life and property . The text constructs the system of risk management of debris flow in Shenjia gully , basis on the condition of Shenjia gully .

本文从地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、气象水文等方面系统地阐述了深家沟泥石流的发育环境及发育特征；分别从形成区、流通区、堆积区对深家沟流域特征进行描述；依据泥石流沟自身特点，选用现阶段最新的研究成果，推算了不同设计频率下的深家沟泥石流流速、峰值流量、总流量、冲击力等动力特征和规模数据；并且根据经验公式法来确定深家沟不同设计频率下的泥石流容重；本文采用单沟泥石流风险评价模型对深家沟泥石流进行风险评价，首先对不同的设计频率下的深家沟泥石流进行危险度评价，根据最大堆积厚度与一次泥石流冲出量来预测不同频率下的泥石流危险范围，然后，根据预测的评估范围，评价对应范围内的易损度，最后作出风险评价；城镇泥石流风险管理的根本目的是降低风险或转移风险，减少生命财产的损失，本论文根据泸定深家沟泥石流的具体情况，构建了深家沟泥石流风险管理体系。

On the basis of the information obtained through field geological survey and indoor integrated petrological and petrochemical studies, it has been found that there is a clear and sharp pulsatory intrusive contact between various rock units of the rock body and a number of dark dioritic microinclusions are present. The rocks are characterized by a relatively low total REE content, relative enrichment in K, Rb, Ba and Th and relative depletion in Cr, Ti, Nb, Sr and P.

根据野外地质调查资料和室内的岩石学、岩石化学等特征的综合研究成果，发现该岩体各单元之间呈脉动式侵入接触，接触界线清晰，且含有较多暗色闪长质微粒包体；稀土总量较低，K、Rb、Ba、Th元素相对富集，Cr、Ti、Nb、 Sr、Zr、P元素相对亏损。

According to geologic settings, distribution regularities of ore deposit and major metallogenesis in metallogenic belts, it was thought that typical deposits in metallogenic belt of North of Eastern Kunlun is Kendekeke SEDEX-hydrothermal diplogenetic Co, Bi, Au deposit and Baiganhu hypothermal W, Sn deposit, that in metallogenic belt Middle of Eastern Kunlun is Wulonggou orogenic gold deposit, that in metallogenic belt South of Eastern Kunlun is Tuolugou SEDEX Co deposit, and that in metallogenic belt of A'nyemaqen-Bayan Har is Dachang orogenic gold deposit.

通过对各成矿带的地质背景、矿床分布规律和主要成矿作用进行研究，认为东昆北成矿带的典型矿床包括肯德可克热水喷流沉积-热液叠生改造型钴、铋、金矿床和白干湖高温热液型钨、锡矿床；东昆中成矿带的典型矿床是造山型五龙沟金矿床；东昆南成矿带的典型矿床是驼路沟热水喷流沉积型钴矿床；阿尼玛卿-巴颜喀拉成矿带的典型矿床是大场造山型金、锑矿床。

The paper outlined the basic structure of landforms, analysed the external agencies which acted on the modern landforms, and discussed the geologic structure and the surface material which affected the Iandforms in the Drung river basin.

文章首先概述独龙江流域的地貌基本形态结构，分析现代地貌作用的外营力，讨论地质构造和地表物质对研究区地貌形成的作用和影响。

Limited by the condition, there are many problems in the fire protection design of enlargeable engineering. The central question of this paper is to present a fire protection design plan which is safe, reliable, rational and economic. The requirement to the plan is not only to satisfy the national fire technical standard of engineering construction, but also to combine the actual state of the weather, geology, filed size, general engineering such as the water supplying, power supplying, air-in, heating and the level of the fire defending.

怎样按照国家有关工程建设消防技术标准并结合拟建工程的现场气象、地质、场地大小条件和供水、供电、供汽、供热等公用工程以及消防保卫的现状，提出安全、可靠、合理、经济的消防设计方案是本文研究的中心问题。

Based on the achievements and developm ents in studying natural gas hydrates at home and abroad,the mechanism of causi ng the oil and gas reservoirs to be tightly sealed by the natural gas hydrates i s systematically analyzed in the paper through discussing the formation mechani sms,evolution properties and distribution laws of the natural gas hydrates.In li ght of the research on their control effects on petroleum accum ulation and reservoir preservation,several geologic models of oil and gas accumu lation and preservation related to the natural gas hydrates are proposed,such as vertically and laterally screened models,screened-by-drape and screened-by- contact models and syngenetically and epigenetically screened models,etc.

以国内外天然气水合物的研究成果和进展为基础，通过讨论天然气水合物的形成机制、演化特征以及其分布规律，系统分析了天然气水合物可以得天独厚地封盖油气藏的机理，探讨了其对油气藏尤其是气藏聚集和保存的控制作用，提出了天然气水合物聚集和保存油气的多类地质模式，如垂向遮挡和侧向遮挡、披覆遮挡和接触遮挡以及同生遮挡和后生遮挡等。

The earliest and reliable Castanopsis fossil records date back at least to Eocene, and subfamily Castaneoideae fossil records found from Paleocene, it is indicated that appearance of Castanopsis is not later than Paleocene . All fossil records of Fagaceae and Castanopsis report from the Northern Hemisphere and their main distribution regions are in the Northern Hemisphere . It can be concluded that the Northern Hemisphere is the center of origin of Fagaceae and Castanopsis . However, owing to the discrepancy between fossil data and results of modern botany research as well as scarcity of fossil data from key area, precise center of origin of Castanopsis cannot be inferred.

栲属在地质历史上有着比现在广泛的分布，最早、最可靠的栲属化石记录发现于始新世地层，栗亚科化石在古新世就有发现，化石记录表明栲属起源的时间不晚于古新世，所有的壳斗科及栲属的化石都发现于北半球，现代分布也主要在北半球，壳斗科及栲属起源于北半球可以确认，由于化石证据与现代植物学的研究结果有较大差异以及关键地区化石证据的不足，具体的起源地尚不能肯定。

In this paper, by analysis of reservoir characteristic, lithology, sedimental environment and geological feature of Putaohua oil layer in Fang 3 area Songfangtun oilfield, Songliao basin, the authors discuss reservoir characteristics and its influence factors. Feldspathic sandstone and detritus sandstone are the main type of reservoir which is lithology has siltstone, fine sandstone etc.

摘 要：通过对松辽盆地宋芳屯油田芳3区块葡萄花油层砂岩储层岩性、物性、沉积环境及地质特征的研究，对葡萄花油层砂岩储层的物性特征及其影响因素进行了系统的分析，认为长石砂岩和岩屑质长石砂岩是主要砂岩类型，岩性有粉、细砂岩等，但以粉砂岩为主。

Focused on the above two problems, the authors applied 2D finite cell numerical modeling to simulating the influence of the static effect on the TE, TM polarized apparent resistivity curves and the vertical resolution of conductive folia.

研究表明：TM模式视电阻率受静态影响严重，TE模式视电阻率对深部地质体的反映优于TM模式；TM极化模式放大了横向上不同电性体的电性差别，在山区找水中对断层反映敏感；AMT对导电薄层的垂向分辨力与围岩的电阻率比值有关，加密点距，并不能提高垂向分辨率。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。