研究地质

From the aeolotropy of hard rock of tunnel engineering region, the stress distribution of several kinds of fault to the water gushing of tunnel, the type of geology disaster involved in macrocharacter, main control factors, disaster mechanism and control strategy in tunnel excavating are studied systematically in this thesis. The purpose is to establish a theory and technology method for forecast and decrease disaster in tunnel excavating.

本文以硬岩隧道开挖工程区域岩体的各向异性研究为起点，从不同类型断层为主要构造形迹的应力分布特征出发，并结合隧道地下涌水灾害，系统研究隧道开挖的地质灾害类型，以宏观表象、主控因素、灾害机制及防治对策为主要研究内容，全面深入研究旨在为隧道开挖期间防灾、减灾提供理论基础与技术路线。

According to the principle of strontium isotope stratigraphy, we attempt to determine the age of the boundaries for Campanian/Santonian and Maastrichtian/Campanian by 87Sr/86Sr ratios for Gamba section in southern Tibet.

在与国际上同期海相地层锶同位素演化曲线对比的基础上，研究了晚白垩世海相碳酸盐锶同位素组成与主要地质事件的关系；在将本研究锶同位素数据融入到全球中新代海水锶同位素曲线的基础上，综合作出了中新生代海平面变化和锶同位素对照曲线，讨论了全球风化速率，造山事件，气候，海平面变化以及灾变性事件对中新生代海水锶同位素的控制作用；根据锶同位素地层学原理，本研究尝试将碳酸盐锶同位素组成用于海相地层定年上，利用已有的全球海水87Sr/86Sr值-年龄数据库和测试的藏南晚白垩海相碳酸盐的87Sr/86Sr值，确定了岗巴剖面Campanian/Santonian和Maastrichtian/Campanian阶界线，标定了广泛分布于白垩纪的厚壳蛤化石的年龄；本研究还将这些方法推广到了塔里木盆地井下奥陶纪地层的年龄标定，确定了中/上，中/下奥陶统界线，从锶同位素角度获得了古岩溶作用证据，显示锶同位素地层学在解决海相地层对比，年龄确定及在岩溶型油气储层研究中的潜在价值和良好应用前景。

With the investigation of the domestic and foreign literature systematically, the bases on the domestic and foreign present research and the comprehensive utilizations of the various knowledge of fluid mechanics in porous medium, reservoir engineering, mathematical physics, perforation completion, numerical simulation and so on, this article takes numerical simulation of gas reservoir of water solubility as the research aim which has completed following research works and obtained the corresponding research results: it analyzes the nature of the Water-soluble gas and formation water as well as the influent factors of the solubility through the study of massive materials; It establishes mathematical models three-dimension, the dual medium, the gas-water phase through the way of finite difference in the migration of water-soluble gas, which describes the entire process of release, migration and production in formation, where it considered the problems of variable bubble point; According to the numerical models of gas reservoir of water solubility it provides solution procedure that based on black oil model; It discovers that there will obtain the good effects in the lowly speed of development through simulation; the reinjection of formation water may largely enhance the produce degree of water-soluble gas when we consider reinjection in simulator; It considered the influence of perforated completion on development so as to increase the simulator"s versatility, It discovers that the simulator may reflect the conditions of development when we exanimate he simulator"s reliability with the empirical datum.

本文以水溶性气藏数值模拟研究为研究目标，在系统调研国内外文献、深入分析国内外研究现状的基础上，综合利用渗流力学、油气藏工程、数学物理方法、射孔完井以及数值模拟理论等多方面的知识，完成了以下研究工作并取得相应的研究成果；①通过对大量的资料调研，分析了水溶气、地层水性质、储层地质性质以及影响气体在水中溶解度的因素。②考虑到由于高压产生的大量水力裂缝，采用有限差分方法建立水溶气运移的三维、双重介质、气-水两相全隐式数学模型，该模型描述了水溶气在地层中的释放、运移和采出的整个过程。③在原有黑油模型的基础上，根据水溶性气藏数值模型编制了该数值模型的求解程序，该程序可以求解单重、双重介质两种情况。④通过模拟不同开采速度对水溶气开发效果的影响，发现开采速度较慢的时候可以取得较好的开采效果。⑤在模拟器中考虑了注水对水溶性气藏开发的影响，地层水回注可以大幅度提高水溶气的采出程度。⑥为增加模拟器的通用性，在模拟器中考虑了射孔完井方式对开采的影响。⑦检验模拟器计算的可靠性，发现在使用实验数据对水溶性气藏进行模拟时，模拟器可以很好的反映气藏开发的状态。

On the basis of gathering data from previous study and researching the stabilization and reinforcing technique of the typical high slope in west approach road, through in-situ tracking investigation and monitoring to the west road, and by way of studying the interaction between slope body and anchoring structure, monitoring data, the result of grey prediction and fuzzy comprehensive assessment, and adopting the idea of integrating prototype investigation and indoor experiment analysis, mechanism analysis and simulation research method, safety factor analysis and interacting relationship study, in-situ monitoring and safety evaluation, and using the theories of engineering geology, geotechnique, rock body mechanic, finite element method and fuzzy mathematics, this paper studies the long-term safety of the typical high slope specially.

本文在收集前人研究资料的基础上，采用原型调研与室内分析相结合、机制分析与模拟研究相结合、安全系数分析与相互作用关系研究相结合、现场监测与安全性评价相结合的思想，通过对鹧鸪山隧道西引道典型高边坡的现场跟踪调研与监测，运用工程地质、岩土工程、岩体力学、有限元理论、灰色系统理论、模糊数学等先进理论和方法，在对西引道典型高边坡的稳定性、整治与加固技术研究的基础上，通过边坡地质体与锚固结构相互作用分析、边坡监测数据分析、边坡变形灰预测分析以及模糊综合评判等途径，重点对治理后的典型高边坡的长期工程安全性进行了系统深入的研究。

This paper was put forward to the method, principle and procedure of third infilling in order to the economic effective development based on fine reservoir description and remaining oil research.

本文以大庆油田三次加密矿场实践为依据，通过对试验效果的系统评价研究，提出了对三次加密井工艺技术的要求；分析了低效井的原因，研究了降低低效井比例的有效方法，并在杏一～三区矿场试验中得到了验证；通过对加密井单井经济技术界限研究，搞清了三次加密调整的投资成本构成，制定了三次加密调整井增加可采储量、厚度和产量界限；指出了三次加密潜力对象及其分布特征；提出了以精细地质研究为基础搞清薄差储层沉积特征及空间展布、以剩余油综合描述为手段定量描述各沉积单元的剩余油分布特征、以经济有效开发为目的的三次加密调整方法、原则和程序；制定了三次加密井初含水与可采储量测算方法；研究确立了扩大三次加密调整规模的途径。

The research conducted in the station included atmospheric boundary layer research including radiation and soil ob- servation, atmospheric turbulence and radiation system research, wind temperature profile research, radiosonde ob- servation research, sand and dust storm observation, glacier change observation, environmental study of surface process and geodynamic research.

为开展高喜马拉雅地区地质构造一气候反馈作用的研究，中国科学院青藏高原研究所于2004年开始在珠峰地区建立了综合观测研究站，并于2004年下半年开始相继开展了大气边界层、大气湍流和辐射系统、风温廓线、无线电探空系统、沙尘暴观测、冰川变化等大气科学观测研究、地表过程的环境研究和地球动力学研究。

These stations, located throughout the world, are maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey, State geological surveys, universities, research institutions, and foreign governments.

这些分布在世界各地的地震监测站由美国地质调查局，国家地质勘测协会，大学，研究机构，以及国外政府负责维护。

The result of the study was consistent with the conclusions of the a-nalysis of the structural geology and petroleum geology.

研究结果与构造地质及石油地质分析结论相一致。

Structural Geology A is a brach subject and base of geology ,.

是一门地质专业基础课，研究的对象是地壳或岩石圈中，小尺度的地质构造。

Palaeontologists successfully obtained the essential information of palaeo-CO2 change form fossil plant leaves. This method has been recognized as one of the effective approaches for tracking paleo-CO2 information from geological record.

古生物学家通过对植物化石叶片的研究，成功地获取了地质历史时期古大气CO2浓度变化的信息，因而这一方法日益受到科学界的重视，被认为是从地质记录中获取古大气CO2浓度的最有效途径之一。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。