研究地理学

Starting from the fundamental research rules of anthropogeography and based on the research achievements in other subjects and science,the present paper penetrates into the standard research paradigms of geopolitics and geo-economics and the similarities and differences between them.

笔者从人文地理学的基本研究规律出发，在借鉴其他学科已有研究成果的基础上，深入细致地探讨了地缘政治和地缘经济的研究范式及其异同，将国家利益、地理环境、区域、控制、合作、国内利益关系等作为地缘政治和地缘经济的基本研究范式。

From the aspects of systematology and tourist geology, tourist security is taken as a risk system, which is a special complicated and correlated system consisting of the tourists and the environment of the scenic spot. The implication, formation, structure and the research content of tourist security are preliminarily explored; and the security analysis, security assessment, and security measures of the system are correlatively studied so as to find sane solution of the security problem existing in the development of modern tourist industry.

笔者从系统论和旅游地理学的角度，把旅游安全作为一个风险系统进行研究；认为旅游安全风险系统是由旅游者与旅游景区环境共同组成的一个复杂的特定的相互依赖的系统；初步探讨旅游安全风险系统的组成、结构和研究内容；对旅游安全风险系统的安全分析、安全评价和安全措施进行了相关研究；通过研究，以期弄清现代旅游业发展中存在的安全问题，提出旅游安全风险对策。

Modern approach methods of geography, ecology, quantitative analysis, expert integration, remote sensing image analysis and geographical information system were combined to reveal the matters in this paper. The eco-geographical background of the research area and the research work studied by other scholars were comprehensively expatiated. The temporal and spatial variation of precipitation and soil moisture, vegetation and soil distribution, and land use/land cover were compared as well. On the basis of foregoing analysis, the eco-geographical differentiation was discussed. According to principles and indicators, with extension engineering method and integrated analysis, the physical geography boundary between subhumid and semiarid areas were demarcated. By using remote sensing image analysis, wavelet analysis of the perennial precipitation and temperature, and the comparison of temporal and spatial variation of the desertification, this paper accounted for the regional response to global environmental change and suggested the dominant environmental problems.

本文采用了地理学与生态学相结合、定量分析与专家集成相结合、遥感图像解译和地理信息系统相结合的方法，对研究区的生态地理背景和已有研究工作进展情况给予了全面的分析和阐述；通过对区域水分条件（大气降水、土壤水分条件）、植被、土壤、土地利用／土地覆被状况等环境要素的时间与空间特征的对比分析，探讨了研究区内部生态地理特征的差异；在一定的原则指导下，通过建立指标体系，以可拓工程方法和模型为支撑，经过综合分析确定了研究区内半湿润、半干旱区界线划分方案；通过遥感图像解译、典型站点多年降水与温度的小波分析、土地沙漠化时空变化的对比分析等，说明了研究区域对全球变化的响应；表明了该区域所面临的主要环境问题。

Unit organization and influence factor that design of courses.

这部分内容从教学实践中对地理学程设计进行了分析和应用研究，其中的案例为学程设计的实施提供了借鉴；第四，地理学程设计的测量评价。

On the one hand,the gradually intensification of contradictious between human and nature,persons and persons,person and itself causes ecological crisis and social turbulences.

其对人文地理学哲学的影响主要表现在三个方面：对科学技术和理性的反动导致非理性主义的泛滥；从结构主义到后结构主义以及把人文地理学研究当作一个文本解构、阅读和建构的过程为我们提供了新的方法论视野；非理性的人本主义的发展为解决区域问题提供了新的思路。

History, physical geography as a modern physical geography, there are also a variety of different branches and areas of research are now more of historical climate, history, plant geography, history, landscape and historical hydrographic.

历史自然地理学如同现代自然地理学一样，也有各种不同的分支和领域，现在研究较多的是历史气候、历史植物地理、历史地貌和历史水文地理。

Palaeogeographic database can be established with various information acquisition and management methods. Palaeogeographic information of multi-source and multiscale can be organized with a spatial data model. Palaeogeographic environments can be reconstructed with the 3D modeling and a virtual reality technique. Palaeogeographic research achievements can also offer better service with the development of internet technology.

多种多样的信息采集和管理方法可以建立不同时期的古地理学综合数据库；空间数据模型为组织多来源和多尺度的古地理信息提供框架；三维数据建模和虚拟现实技术为古地理环境重建营造了必要条件；互联网技术的发展可使古地理学研究成果更好地为用户服务。

Main contents of the course includes: related conceptions, matter of soil, soil texture, soil organic matter, soil humus, soil structure, soil moisture, soil air, soil acidity and soil alkalinity, soil colloid, cation exchange, soil former soil-forming process, soil classification, distributions and properties of soil great group in China (fores soil, steppe soil, main non-zonal soil, paddy soil, etc), soil erosion, soil contamination, soil utilization, conservation of soil resource, soil investigation, etc.

土壤地理学是地理科学专业的主要基础课程之一，是一门必修课程；要求掌握土壤地理学基本的理论、知识和方法；主要内容有：有关概念、土壤组成物质、土壤质地、土壤有机质、土壤腐殖质、土壤结构、土壤水分、土壤空气、土壤酸碱性、土壤胶体、土壤阳离子交换、土壤形成因素、土壤形成过程、土壤分类、中国主要土壤类型（森林土壤、草原土壤、主要的非地带性土壤、水稻土等）的分布及其性质、土壤侵蚀、土壤污染、土壤资源的利用与保护、土壤调查研究等。

They mainly use the method of a textual criticism,but can combine the higher textual criticism with "govern of very practical use", has made the important progress in the border geography and the geographic name study research, has made the important contribution to the Qing Dynasty geography's development.

他们所采用的方法主要是考据，但又能将考据学与&经世致用&相结合，在边疆地理学和地名学研究上取得了重要的成绩，为清代地理学的发展作出了重要的贡献。

In the paper, Professor Zhao's historical course engaged in coral reef study and academic results are reviewed: he established the representative section for geological research on Quaternary coral reef, developed engineering geology research on coral reef, elaborated systematically landform development rules of coral reef in the South China Sea, uncovered certain paleo-oceanographical conditions and the new tectonic movement features, studied the historical climate recorded by lagoon of coral reef in the South China Sea and marine geography of coral reef for the first time, investigated comprehensively the only fringing reef of the seacoast of South China continent on western shore of Xuwen County, summarized initially the history of modern coral reef research in China.

文中回顾其从事珊瑚礁研究的历程，并评述其珊瑚礁研究的学术成果：建立了我国第四纪珊瑚礁地质研究的典型剖面；开拓了我国珊瑚礁工程地质研究；系统论述了南海珊瑚礁地貌发展规律，揭示了某些古海洋学状况和新构造运动性质；首次研究了南海珊瑚礁潟湖沉积记录的历史气候；首次进行了我国珊瑚礁区综合海洋地理学研究；较全面开展华南大陆沿岸唯一岸礁徐闻西岸珊瑚礁调查研究；初步总结了我国现代珊瑚礁研究史。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。