研究动物

The study history of cave invertebrate in China is summarized in this paper. We list new species of Chinese troglobiotic invertebrate found over the past twenty years, and two types of cave invertebrate are divided according to the differences of the habitat: terrestrial community and aquatic community. The review also emphasizes the current research on Arachnolida, Diplopoda, Insecta, Crustacea and Castropoda.

本文介绍了我国洞穴无脊椎动物研究的简史，列出了近20多年来我国发现的真洞穴无脊椎动物种类，并根据栖息环境的不同，将洞穴无脊椎动物划分为陆生群落和水生群落；着重介绍了蛛形纲、重足纲、昆虫纲、甲壳纲、腹足纲的研究现状。

Six species of the nine primates are first class protected animals in China, and one species and two subspecies of them are endemic primates in the range. Hylobates concolor is most endanger among the nine species pri mate. The animals exist in Bawanglin Nature Reserve, Hainan,and the population estimated in the end of 1994 is about 20 individuals. The s...

在本区所分布的灵长类动物中有6种是国家一级保护动物，有一种及两个亚种为本区所特有，在这9种灵长类动物中现存数量最少的是黑长臂猿，仅约20只左右，现存数量最多的是猕猴，大约10000只，其它几种的数量都为几千只本文根据80年代以来在华南地区开展的猕猴、叶猴、长臂猿等研究及其它野生动物调查结果，对本区内的灵长类动物分布等综述报道，为制定本地区灵长类动物整体保护策略提供基础资料。

The comparisons of biochemistry between OP and OR rats The differences between OP and OR rats included not only body weight, but lipids metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well, characterized with insulin resistance, increasing in serum free fatty acids and ketone body, and hepatic TC and TG in OP rats. However, no significant differences were observed in serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL and fasting glucose between OP and OR rats.⑶Comparisons of metabolites in serum, urine and liver tissue between OP and OR rats①There were significant differences in amino acids concentration between OP and OR rats,especially in liver tissue, such as high concentrations in ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids in OP rats, suggesting differences in amino acids metabolism;② The different metabolites between OP and OR rats included increasing of various saturated fatty acids and decreasing of polyunsaturated fatty acids in OP rats;③The urinary metabolites analysis indicated that different structure or metabolism of gut microflora might exist between the two phenotypes, which probably influenced the regulation of body weight gain;④The end-products of catecholamines in urine and intermediates of krebs cycle in serum in OP rats were all up-regulated, suggesting that the activity of sympatheic nervous system and energy metabolism was higher in OP rats than OR rats.

胰岛素耐受实验和胰岛素敏感指数表明OP动物的胰岛素敏感性较OR动物下降，而OP大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸、酮体、肝脏总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著升高；但是，OP与OR大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和空腹血糖等的水平并无显著性差异；⑶肥胖易感与肥胖抵抗大鼠血清、尿液和肝脏组织提取物中代谢物的比较研究表明：①OP与OR大鼠的血清、尿液和肝组织提取物中多种氨基酸的含量存在显著差异，并以肝组织中的差异氨基酸数量为最多，包括各种生酮和生糖氨基酸水平在OP组的升高，说明氨基酸代谢的差异是两种体重表型大鼠之间存在的重要差异特征之一；②OP与OR动物肝脏和血清差异代谢物中包含多种饱和长链脂肪酸的升高如十四烷酸、十六烷酸、硬脂酸等和多不饱和脂肪酸的下降如亚油酸和花生四烯酸，说明两种体重表型动物的肝脏脂肪酸代谢存在明显差异；③长期高脂饮食喂养后，动物的尿液代谢物分析表明OP与OR动物体内的肠道菌群结构存在差异，这些菌群上的差别可能在动物体重增长的调节上产生影响；④与OR动物相比，OP动物尿液代谢物中儿茶酚胺类递质的代谢终产物如高香草酸、扁桃酸和4-羟基苯乙酸明显升高。

In order to meet national requirements for conserving and researching biodiversity and realize construction goals on sharing flatform for genetic resources of wild artiodactyla and perissodactyla animals in the West of China at home and abroad, by analyzing existing data and investigating on the spot, genetic resources of wild artiodactyla and perissodactyla animals in the West of China and Web database were specially researched at three aspects as follows.

西野生偶奇蹄目动物遗传资源研究通过系统分析现有文献资料和实地调查研究，对西部野生偶奇蹄目动物遗传资源编目、种和亚种分类及濒危等级，种群动态预测与生物地理分布，濒危动态估算和濒危动物模型建立，保护利用模式及保护级别提案等遗传资源层面尚存在的数据信息混乱、缺乏或空白的领域进行了重点研究。

According to the successful experiences on transgenic animal production and animal cloning, gene targeting could be utilized in many fields including theory and application research on genomic modification (such as site-specific gene repair, genetic defect therapy, gene knockout, infaust gene modification, even the site-specific integration), improving expression level of specific gene in animal mammary gland bioreactors, and promoting the industrialization of transgenic animal production.

结合现有转基因动物和动物克隆技术方面的经验，利用基因打靶技术，开展动物基因组修饰的理论和应用研究，即可定点进行基因修复、治疗遗传缺陷、基因敲除失活不利基因，还可最终解决动物乳腺反应器存在的随机整合率高而表达率较低的问题，实现定点整合及乳腺特异表达，为转基因动物的产业化生产创造条件，代表了当今动物遗传学发展的主流方向。

Study the bioactivity of the n-HA/PA66 composite and the effects it would be to body's metabolism of calcium and phosphorus ion in vivo.(3) Study the osteo-conductivity and the ability to repair bone defect of the porous n-HA/PA66 composite and the feasibility use it as the scaffold of bone tissue engineering. Objects and Methods as follows: 1.To evaluate the biocompatability of nano-hydroxyapatite crystals and polyamide composite (n-HA/PA66) with the L929 cells.To proceed the morphological observation and take pictures of L929 cells after 1d,2d,4d,and 7d of co-cultured with extract of n-HA/PA66 ,and direct contact with n-HA/PA66.To determine light absorbtion value of every hole under 500 nm with enzyme linked immunity instrument after 1 d,2 d,4 d,and 7 d of contact of n-HA/PA66 extract with L929 cells,and direct contact with n-HA/PA66.In the meanwhile calculate the relative multiplication rate of cells,and evaluate them by six degree tests for cytotoxicity. To investigate the acute and chronic toxic reaction on the whole body induced by the new nano-hydroapatite crystals and polyamide composite(n-HA/PA66)after implanting in vivo and its effects on partial constitution of animal organs after implanting in vivo,and evaluate the potential and degree of subcuticular stimulation reaction.

本实验主要由以下三部分组成：一、n-HA/PA66 复合材料在动物体内、体外的生物相容性及生物安全性评价二、n-HA/PA66 复合材料植入动物体内的生物活性及近期对机体钙、磷代谢影响的实验研究三、网孔 n-HA/PA66 复合材料作为支架修复兔桡骨节段缺损的动物实验研究主要研究目标及方法如下：参照 GB/T16886.5-1997-ISO 10993-5：1992《医疗器械生物学评价细胞毒性试验体外法》之评价标准和要求，采用规定的 L929 细胞(小鼠结缔组织成纤维细胞)，分别经直接接触和材料浸提液与细胞共培养等方式对 n-HA/PA66 复合材料进行细胞毒性测试，采用细胞形态观察法观察两种细胞各组在 24h、48h、72h、5 天后各时相点的细胞形态学变化，并在显微镜下照相，从而对细胞与材料的生物相容性进行定性评价；同时采用细胞生长抑制法，以酶标仪定量测定评价各组 1，2，4，7 天 L929 细胞的相对增殖率，以定量测定并判别材料对细胞的毒性程度。

The two white-skin animals are suit for research of zoopery of increased-pigment disease, while the other two are suit for research of zoopery of reduced-pigment disease; and α-MSH is one of the most important indicators in the research of zoopery with pigment disease.

结论］白色昆明小鼠及白色FMN豚鼠适宜做色素增加动物实验研究，C57BL/6J小黑鼠及棕黄色HARTLY豚鼠适宜做色素减退动物实验研究；α-MSH可做为观测色素代谢障碍性疾病动物实验研究的一个重要指标。

In this paper,the author deals with the following:Firstly,beginning with the introduction of the connotation of animal welfare,the author elaborates the serious phenomenon of infracting animal welfare,which existed in our current animal welfare protection through fully analyzing and studying ethical basis,religious foundation,philosophy infrastructure of animal welfare.

本研究从介绍动物福利的内涵入手，在充分分析了动物福利问题研究的伦理基础、宗教基础、哲学等基础之后，详尽阐述了我国目前动物福利中存在的比较严重的侵害动物福利的现象，进而分析其原因和障碍性因素，从多方面、多角度得出结论，认为中国已经到了必须给予动物福利的时期。

Other studies of animal behavior are based in psychology, focusing on things like learned behavior and teaching behaviors to animals and applying the results to humans.

其他的动物行为学研究则是以心理学为基础，侧重于研究如动物训练有素的行为和人类训练动物的行为以便将研究结果受用于人类。

Function and haematology;⑤investigate its growth-promotion and machanism;⑥do research on

提取了活性成份——生物碱；②研究它对动物的毒性和无毒性剂量；③研究了它对动物的毒性机理和病理；④进行了它对动物免疫功能和对血液学影响的研究；⑤研究了它的促生长作用及其机理；⑥还进行了残留及临床增重试验研究。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。