研究出

Thus it was hypothesized that Chinese refusals and English refusals might on the one hand share something in common, but on the other hand would definitely distinguish from each other in respect of pragmatic principles due to the underlying cultural differences of these two languages; when Chinese learners of English as a second language perform the speech act in English, they might, more or less, demonstrate some interlinguistic characteristics which would distinguish their refusal production from that of either the Chinese natives or the English natives whereas resembling these two in some given aspects.

因此，本研究基于这样一个假设：汉语和英语在实施&拒绝&言语行为时会表现出一定的共同之处，但由于汉语和英语这两种语言各自所承载的文化之间的差异，使这两种语言在实施&拒绝&言语行为时所遵循的语用原则也表现出各自不同的特点；而中国的英语学习者在用英语实施&拒绝&言语行为时或多或少地带有语际语的痕迹，即既区别于汉语和英语母语者，同时又与这两者在某些方面有着相似之处。

This study used microsatellite markers attempts to:(1) discover the genetic variation among sampling populations and reconstruct the phylogeographic scenario;(2) confirm the direction of gene flow (3) conjecture the causation and time of introgressive hybridization.

本文的研究发现两种石鸡之间具有显著的遗传分化(Fst=0.2979，Rst=0.1942，Neis D_A=3.016)。8个微卫星位点在大石鸡88个样本扩增出40个等位基因，在石鸡64个样本扩增出35个等位基因。

Marrer E, Satoh T, Johnson M M, et al. Global transcriptome analysis of the responses of a fluoroquinoloneresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae mutant and its parent to ciprofloxacin .

总结临床分离菌的研究发现，虽然多数细菌有大量排出泵，但只有少数会对临床用药产生抗性，且排出泵作用所依赖的药物和细菌不同。

Now most of the sex pheromones identified are related to Rutelidae and Melolonthidae, only a few of aggregation pheromones were identified in Dynastidae. Studies on attractants of plant origin are related to Rutelidae and Cetoniidae.

目前已鉴定出的性信息素大多集中于丽金龟科和鳃金龟科，犀金龟科只鉴定出了几种聚集信息素，有关植物源引诱剂方面的研究则集中于丽金龟科和花金龟科。

Based on the review of the description of subtropical high and the research on its formation, fluctuation characteristics and physical mechanisms, it is found that the subtropical high is refered to the area where pressure is relatively larger. Its formation is due to the existence of mean meridional circulation that accumulates air mass to subtropical areas. The subtropical high is belt-like with meridionally non-uniform feature and this is a zonal mean point of view.

通过对副高的描述、形成及演变特征和物理机理的研究进行回顾，认为：副高是相对的气压的高值，是由于平均经圈环流的存在，使得有空气质量在副热带地区的堆积而形成的，成为带状，表现出在经度方向的不均匀，这是一种纬向平均的观点；同时，在这个平均的高压带上常常有闭合的单体存在，表现出纬向的不均匀。

In the two studies in which the medial branch was identified by motor stimulation of the multifidus muscle, both reported positive outcomes.157,182

在两项研究中，用运动刺激多裂肌的方法找出了内侧支，这一方法均显示出阳性改变。

Innovative Results】Based on study on colorectal cancer screening in Xiacheng district,the results have showed that①The CRC screening in urban area based on guideline established by our units had the same good results as in rural area.High risk factors questionnaire investigation had important role in CRC screening and it can make up the shortcomings of iFOBT and detect nonbleeding lesions,especially precancerous lesions such as adenomas and polyps;②Each high risk factor was sorted according to sensitivity and specificity for the first time among natural population in city.

通过对下城区大肠癌筛查的研究①首次证明来自于中小城市农村的大肠癌筛查方案对城市社区自然人群与中小城市农村的自然人群一样具有较好的检出效果，证明了问卷调查对大肠癌筛查的重要作用，能弥补iFOBT不足，发现其不能检出的包括不出血病变，尤其是腺瘤、息肉；②首次在城市社区自然人群中对各高危项目根据诊断的敏感度及特异度进行了排序。

In Chapter 2, we consider the error bound and the auxiliary problem algorithm for the generalized linear complementarity problem over a polyhedral cone: First, we give an absolute and a relative global error bound for GLCP and nondegenerate GLCP, respectively, and then we explore the properties of the solution set of the problem, based on which we establish another absolute and relative error bound for GLCP which is much exacter compared with the result above.

第二章主要研究了闭凸锥上广义线性互补问题的误差界及基于其上的一个求解GLCP的辅助问题算法：(1)给出了GLCP的全局绝对误差界和在有非退化解时的全局绝对误差界及其相对误差界；(2)对GLCP的解集结构进行了探讨，并利用得到的结果给出了GLCP的另一个全局绝对误差界和相对误差界估计；(3)我们提出了一个求解GLCP的辅助问题算法，并证明在适当条件下该算法具有全局收敛性。

The Lynn White debate, which begun when White called for a rethinking of Christianity or its replacement by a nonWestern religion, has proved an obstacle to dealing with the environmental crisis The defense of Christianity that followed inhibited Asian and comparative environmental ethics in the West and did not produce environmentally useful results Whenever the relationship of religion and the environment was raised, the discussion quickly shifted to the issue of Christian responsibility for the environmental crisis The problem with the debate is that in many important ways, the White thesis is correct: Christianity is indeed responsible to a significant degree in that Christianity desacralized nature and it supported policies politically in the Middle Ages that encouraged now harmful human population growth and promoted science and technology, much of which has proved to be environmentally problematic There was nevertheless a second tradition of which Saint Francis of Assisi was a part that was environmentally friendly and that could be useful in rethinking Christianity environmentally It is however unlikely that Christianity will prove useful in the development of an environmental ethic in nonWestern countries or that nonWestern religions will succeed in producing an environmental ethic in the West It is therefore important that religious scholars move beyond assigning blame for the environmental crisis and find ways for the major world religions to help develop environmental ethics as best they can within their own cultural spheres

林恩怀特争论始于怀特关于对基督教进行重新思考或者由非西方宗教取而代之的呼吁。林恩怀特争论已经被证明成为处理环境危机的一个障碍。由此而起的对基督教的辩护制约了亚洲和其他比较环境伦理学在西方的发展，没有产生对环境有益的结果。无论何时，当人们谈及宗教和环境的关系的时候，讨论都会迅速转向有关基督教对环境危机责任的讨论。这一争论的关键在于，怀特的论文在很多方面是对的：基督教的确在相当大的程度上造成了自然的世俗化，并且在中世纪，基督教在政治上对现在看来有害的人口增长的政策提供了支持，促进了科学和技术的发展，很多诸如此类的政策已经被证明对环境是有害的。但是，基督教还存在另一种对环境友好的传统，Assisi城的&圣芳济&运动就是其中一例，这种传统也许对于从环境角度重新认识基督教是有益的。但是，对于非西方国家环境伦理的发展，基督教将很难能够有所作为，非西方宗教也不大可能成功地在西方产生出某种环境伦理。因此，对于研究宗教的学者们而言，重要的是要走出谁应该为环境危机受到指责的争论，找到世界各主要宗教如何在其各自的文化范围内对发展环境伦理提供最佳帮助的方法。

For TRO there are a little surfacatants whose effect are not good.In this paper,content of sulfonates and composition of alkyl are decided through right design ;under control reaction conditions different alkylbenzene sulfonates are synthesized;Polyreaction catalyst is developed .non-straight high carbon olefine are made through C9-C12 Polyreaction technolgy;clear composition alkylkenzene is sulfanated in falling-film reactor by SO,product can be adjusted,recipe of the surfacate can be used for super-low interfacialtension with Daqing oil -10-3-10-4mN/m,and stablity is good too.According to method issued by Daqing Develop and Explore Research institute,EOR is over 20% in natural core .

本文研究通过烷基苯磺酸盐组成的正确设计，确定了磺酸盐的当量范围和烷基碳数组成和分布；通过对烷基化条件控制，设计合成了不同碳数的直链和支链烷基苯及烷基二甲苯，并用于制备了相应的烷基苯磺酸盐；研制出了新型的烯烃叠合络合催化剂，采用C_9、C_(12)支链烯烃叠合工艺合成了更高碳数的支链烯烃，并进一步合成出相应的烷基苯和烷基二甲苯；以SO_3为磺化剂，通过对磺化条件的选择和控制，采用已知组成的烷基苯混合物进行膜式磺化反应，使合成工艺得以简化；所得磺酸盐组成确定并且可控，最终配方可与大庆原油形成超低界面张力，达10~3～10~(-4)mN/m数量级，且稳定性良好；以合成的烷基苯磺酸盐为主体形成了三元复合驱配方，室内驱油模拟实验表明，按照大庆研究院对复合驱体系活性剂的评价方法，在天然岩芯上的驱油效率在20％以上。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。