研究出

Students exhibiting pure altruist behavior ponied up twice as much money as their "warm glow"-only counterparts, the team reports tomorrow in Science .

研究小组在明天出版的《科学》杂志上报道，表现出纯粹利他行为的学生比只经历温情效应的学生捐款多出一倍。

Based on analysis on the dosage of sodium cyanide and research on its leaching mechanism in gold concentrate leaching,a new technique that the mixture of ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide can reduce the dosage of sodium cyanide is put forward.

通过对氰化浸出过程氰化钠消耗情况分析，在进一步研究金精矿氰化浸出机理的基础上，提出了采用碳酸铵、氢氧化铵混合试剂降低氰化钠用量的新工艺。

With respect to syntax, the roles of tagmeme in the structure of word and sentence and Chomsky's Generative-Transformational Grammar are discussed. The spatial relation theory and existing research achievements are investigated. Having noticed the shortage of the capability of topological and metrical relation in the description of spatial information structure, the author proposes Combinational Qualitative Geometry based on the two invariables under ordinary transformations, distance ratio and direction difference, the CQG-based spatial relation system between topological and metrical constraint is thus constructed, on which several spatial relations such as parallel, perpendicularity, co-linearity, sequence and direct neighborhood are derived. Based on extended theory of spatial relation, the language anamorphosis is analyzed from the aspects of phonetics, semantics and syntax. The mere geometric and formalized spatial relation is then integrated with concrete geographic ontology to accommodate richer and indicative spatial configuration of spatial information in the different geographic context. Finally a syntax framework for spatial information is put forward.

在语法结构方面，首先阐述了法位和法素在语法结构词法和句法中的地位和作用，以及Chomsky生成转换语法的核心内容；详细介绍了地理信息系统空间关系理论及现有的研究成果；在分析现有的拓扑关系和量度关系对空间信息结构描述能力不足的基础上，提出了基于长度比和角度差两个不变量的组合定性几何，以此建立了介于拓扑及量度约束之间的组合定性关系体系，并以此为基础派生出平行、垂直、共线、次序、直接邻近等空间关系描述；本文基于扩展的空间关系理论，详细讨论了空间关系在语音、语法和语义三个方面的语言变体，将纯几何和纯形式化的空间关系与具体的地理本体结合起来，可以获得更为丰富的、更能反映空间关系在不同语言上下文中具体体现的组合关系；最后给出了一个空间信息的语法结构的基本框架。

Movement trajectories of electrons under complex field and state parameters when electrons return to the dielectric surface are obtained by simulation,such as impact energy and return time. Variation laws of electron movement with emergence angle and microwave electromagnetic parameters are also derived. The emergence angle of electron has significant effect on the movement of electron,and there is an emergence angle in which the electron has the maximum trajectory length and impact energy.

研究发现：电子出射角度对其运动状态有显著影响，电子存在运动轨迹最大的某一出射角度，该角度下电子拥有最大的撞击能量；微波电场幅值的增加将使电子撞击能量增加，返回时间减小，微波电场相位的变化使电子的撞击能量和返回时间呈周期振荡，这从本质上解释了电子数量在二次电子倍增过程中以微波频率两倍周期振荡的原因；随着微波频率的增加电子将由简单的类抛物线运动转变为复杂的振荡运动。

Variation laws of electron movement with emergence angle and microwave electromagnetic parameters are also derived. The emergence angle of electron has significant effect on the movement of electron, and there is an emergence angle in which the electron has the maximum trajectory length and impact energy, Impact energy will increase and return time will reduce as increasing the amplitude of electric field, and both parameter would oscillate with the phase of electric field, which can essentially explain that multipactoring electron number oscillates in twice the frequency with the increase of microwave frequency, electron trajectory will change from parabolic-like movement to complex oscillation.

研究发现：电子出射角度对其运动状态有显著影响，电子存在运动轨迹最大的某一出射角度，该角度下电子拥有最大的撞击能量；微波电场幅值的增加将使电子撞击能量增加，返回时间减小，微波电场相位的变化使电子的撞击能量和返回时间呈周期振荡，这从本质上解释了电子数量在二次电子倍增过程中以微波频率两倍周期振荡的原因；随着微波频率的增加电子将由简单的类抛物线运动转变为复杂的振荡运动。

Convert relationship of prototype robot joint angle and equivalent model joint angle is presented based on the method of kinematics inverse solution. The Jacobian algorithm of redundant robot for achieving effective joint excursion is studied, which is fit for digital calculating. The grads projection algorithm of redundant robot multi optimizing capability function's proportion factor is deduced. The issues of apery arm robot singularity and joint self-movement are researched. The simulation experiment result of apery arm joint self-movement and line movement is presented.

因为七自由度拟人手臂机器人的建模比较困难，采用了在等效模型下求解其运动学逆解的方法，给出了原机器人机构关节角与等效模型关节角之间的转换关系；提出了一种适于数值计算的有效的求解有关节偏置的冗余度机器人Jacobian的算法，并在此基础上推导了冗余度机器人多优化性能指标函数的均衡比例因子梯度投影算法；研究了拟人手臂机器人的奇异问题和关节自运动问题；给出了拟人手臂进行关节自运动和进行直线轨迹跟踪的仿真实验结果。

First, in the composite hypothesis testing, circular dispersion error which is more practicable than horizontal and vertical error is used to discuss some problems of the dispersion of impact points; and the critical area of decision in the dispersion problem is analyzed; the specific expression of Bayesian risk is worked out, which ameliorates the method that only can get the approximate solution by calculating numerical integration.

由此，本文主要应用Bayes方法对以下几方面进行了探讨：首先，在复杂假设下，本文利用圆散布误差这一精度指标对落点散布鉴定问题进行研究，它比以往所用的纵、横向偏差精度指标更具现实意义；分析了此鉴定问题的决策临界区域；给出其Bayes风险的具体表达式，对用数值积分进行近似求解的方法进行了改进；在此基础上，通过极小化试验的风险确定最优试验数n，并讨论了决策中犯两类错误的概率，给出了验前信息的表示。

The arsenical sludge clay were mixed up with a defined ratio and were made the brick.

将含砷污泥和粘土按一定比例混合制砖，并对样品砖的毒性浸出进行了研究，结果表明对As、Zn、Pb、Cd离子的固化效果好，浸出毒性低于国家标准。

By using nonconforming element and Bramble-Hilbert-Xu Lemma, Laplace approximating eigenvalue is given by the means of asymptotic expansion and the main error terms are presented ,too.

利用Bramble Hilbert Xu引理对Laplace特征值用一个非协调元作对称展开，给出该单元在研究Laplace特征值问题时的误差主项，并进一步给出外推结果，最后给出数值验证。

The main contributions in this area are summarized as follows,? The closed-form formula and its asymptotic form of system outageprobability are derived, through which it is shown that the outage probability decreased by a factor ofγ~(hereγdenotes the average SNR);? The closed-form formula of outage capacity is derived, through which weshow that 1 outage capacity increases with the increases of mean value of sytem SNR, and decreases with the increase of the variance of system average SNR; 2 in order to obtain higher outage capacity, the number of transmit antenna should be no more than that of receive antennas.?

特别的，针对多用户发送天线选择／最大比合并系统，主要贡献总结如下：·理论推导出中断概率的闭式解及其近似解，通过该近似解，可以得到中断概率以γ~的形式减少(这里γ是平均信噪比SNR)·推导出平均中断容量的闭式表达式，研究表明：1中断容量随着有效平均SNR的均值的增加而增加，随着有效平均SNR的方差的增大而减小；2为了获得更高的中断容量，发送天线的数目应当不大于接收天线的数目。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。